{ "schema_version": "0.7.0", "bank_version": "0.7.0", "level": "G", "release_status": "complete_fixed_practice_bank_editorially_reviewed_not_empirically_calibrated", "text_count": 20, "target_text_count": 20, "questions_per_text": 7, "question_count": 140, "items": [ { "id": "G-S01", "level": "G", "order": 1, "title": "When a Quiet Route Is Not the Shortest", "text_type": "fictional explanatory feature with competing priorities", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S01-P1", "number": 1, "text": "A navigation app normally offers the fastest way to reach a destination. In a fictional pilot project called Quiet Steps, however, the developers have added a different option: routes with less traffic noise. The option is intended for people who are willing to spend a few extra minutes walking in a calmer environment. Its designers do not claim that a quiet route is always safer or healthier. They simply want users to choose between two priorities that conventional route suggestions do not usually distinguish. A route can be efficient in terms of time and still be unpleasant to walk along." }, { "id": "G-S01-P2", "number": 2, "text": "To create the new maps, volunteers recorded sound levels at selected street corners. They visited each location in the morning and again in the evening, since a street's character could change during the day. The team then combined these recordings with information about traffic. This combination was important: a single recording might capture a passing truck rather than the conditions walkers normally experience. The app therefore marks a route as likely to be quiet, rather than promising silence. The recordings contain measurements of sound levels, not conversations, and the service does not identify the people using it." }, { "id": "G-S01-P3", "number": 3, "text": "An early trial revealed a problem with the way the results were presented. The app described one route as considerably quieter, but did not show that it took twelve minutes longer than the usual route. Some users chose it and were disappointed when they arrived late. Their complaints did not show that the sound measurements were wrong. Rather, the users had been given useful information about one feature while an important cost of choosing it remained unclear. The developers responded by displaying the expected walking time beside the noise estimate, allowing the two routes to be compared directly." }, { "id": "G-S01-P4", "number": 4, "text": "Not everyone welcomed the proposal. A shop owner worried that directing walkers away from a busy road might reduce the number of people passing her business. She suggested that a town should reduce traffic noise instead of merely helping individuals avoid it. The developers agreed that better public spaces would benefit more people, but argued that their tool and improvements to streets could serve different purposes. The tool could help someone choose a route today; changing traffic arrangements would require decisions and resources beyond the team's control. They did not present the app as a replacement for those changes." }, { "id": "G-S01-P5", "number": 5, "text": "The project has consequently adopted a more modest description of success. The team no longer counts the number of quiet-route choices as sufficient evidence that the service is useful. It also asks whether walkers understood the extra time involved before deciding. Someone who selects the faster route after comparing both options has still made an informed choice. For the developers, that is a valuable outcome too. Their next task is to improve coverage of neighborhoods with few recordings. Until then, they warn users that an absence of noise information should not be interpreted as evidence that a street is quiet." } ], "word_count": 494, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S01-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Put a mark by the TWO correct answers. Base your answers on paragraph I.", "stem": "What do we learn about the Quiet Steps option?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P1", "target": "G-S01-P1", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P1", "quote": "routes with less traffic noise" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P1", "quote": "people who are willing to spend a few extra minutes walking in a calmer environment" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Use the stated location and check the exact task before answering.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The paragraph gives no health explanation and explicitly avoids this claim.", "primary_trap_id": 1, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Data collection is explained in paragraph II, outside the stated location.", "primary_trap_id": 12, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The designers do not claim a safety advantage.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "No number of users is supplied.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Why walking improves everyone's health.", "B": "How volunteers collected sound information.", "C": "Why every quiet route is safer.", "D": "How many people have chosen it.", "E": "What feature of a route it considers.", "F": "Who might want to use it." }, "correct_options": [ "E", "F" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 1, 7, 12 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S01-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "sentence_completion", "instruction": "Complete the sentence.", "stem": "COMPLETE THE SENTENCE. The new option enables users to choose between saving time and _____.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P1", "target": "G-S01-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P1", "quote": "people who are willing to spend a few extra minutes walking in a calmer environment" } ], "primary_skill": "completion", "hint_en": "Use the stated location and check the exact task before answering.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "improving their health", "explanation_en": "The reader imports a plausible benefit that the designers do not establish.", "trap_id": 14, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" }, { "example_wrong_response": "arriving earlier", "explanation_en": "This fits the grammatical frame but repeats the time priority rather than the alternative.", "trap_id": 15, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "walking in a calmer or less noisy environment" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "taking a quieter route", "having a calmer walk" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "walking in a calmer or less noisy environment" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Do not accept saving money, walking safely, or getting more exercise; these are not the contrasted priorities.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 14, 15 ], "training_families_present": [ "completion" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S01-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer from paragraph II.", "stem": "Why did the team combine the recordings with traffic information?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P2", "target": "G-S01-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P2", "quote": "a single recording might capture a passing truck rather than the conditions walkers normally experience" } ], "primary_skill": "cause", "hint_en": "Use the stated location and check the exact task before answering.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "Heavy traffic was caused by the recordings", "explanation_en": "This reverses the relationship; traffic information helps interpret recorded noise.", "trap_id": 4, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "A single recording might not represent normal conditions because it could capture a passing truck." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "To avoid treating a temporary sound as the usual conditions.", "To get a better picture of the noise walkers normally experience." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "A single recording might not represent normal conditions because it could capture a passing truck." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Do not accept identifying users, recording conversations, or guaranteeing silence.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 4 ], "training_families_present": [ "cause" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S01-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What do the users' complaints in paragraph III help explain?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P3", "target": "G-S01-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P3", "quote": "Their complaints did not show that the sound measurements were wrong." }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P3", "quote": "an important cost of choosing it remained unclear" } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Use the stated location and check the exact task before answering.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The paragraph explicitly distinguishes complaints from evidence of faulty measurements.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "They chose the longer route; the problem was that its cost had not been clear.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The text reports a longer route, not a reduction in walking speed.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Why the team had measured sound levels incorrectly.", "B": "Why users refused to take any route that was longer.", "C": "Why quieter streets necessarily make people walk more slowly.", "D": "Why accurate information about one feature may be insufficient for a decision." }, "correct_options": [ "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 2, 7 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S01-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What does the phrase 'those changes' at the end of paragraph IV refer to?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P4", "target": "G-S01-P4", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P4", "quote": "changing traffic arrangements would require decisions and resources beyond the team's control" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P4", "quote": "They did not present the app as a replacement for those changes." } ], "primary_skill": "reference", "hint_en": "Use the stated location and check the exact task before answering.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The immediate discussion concerns public spaces and traffic arrangements.", "primary_trap_id": 9, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "No change to opening hours is discussed.", "primary_trap_id": 9, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "That is a change described in paragraph III, not the referent here.", "primary_trap_id": 9, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Changes to the measurements taken by volunteers.", "B": "Changes to the shop's opening hours.", "C": "Changes to traffic arrangements that would improve public spaces.", "D": "Changes to the way walking times were displayed." }, "correct_options": [ "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 9 ], "training_families_present": [ "reference" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S01-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "sentence_completion", "instruction": "Complete the sentence.", "stem": "COMPLETE THE SENTENCE. According to paragraph V, choosing the faster route can still be a successful outcome if the walker _____.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P5", "target": "G-S01-P5", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P5", "quote": "Someone who selects the faster route after comparing both options has still made an informed choice." }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P5", "quote": "For the developers, that is a valuable outcome too." } ], "primary_skill": "completion", "hint_en": "Use the stated location and check the exact task before answering.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "later discovers that the quiet route takes longer", "explanation_en": "The understanding must precede the choice, not follow it.", "trap_id": 13, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" }, { "example_wrong_response": "always prefers the fastest route", "explanation_en": "A fixed preference does not establish an informed comparison.", "trap_id": 14, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "understood and compared the two options before choosing" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "made an informed choice after considering both options", "understood the extra time involved before deciding" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "understood and compared the two options before choosing" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Do not require choosing the quiet route. Do not accept assuming an unmeasured street is quiet.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 13, 14 ], "training_families_present": [ "completion", "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S01-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Which statement best expresses the main idea of the whole article?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P1", "quote": "choose between two priorities" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P3", "quote": "allowing the two routes to be compared directly" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P4", "quote": "They did not present the app as a replacement for those changes." }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S01-P5", "quote": "that is a valuable outcome too" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Use the stated location and check the exact task before answering.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "Noise measurement is not presented as a cause of noise or as a town improvement policy.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The project values informed choice, including the faster route.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "The text develops an additional priority rather than rejecting it.", "primary_trap_id": 11, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "A route-planning tool can support informed choices when it makes trade-offs and limitations clear.", "B": "Reducing noise measurements is the quickest way to improve town centers.", "C": "Every successful navigation app must persuade users to choose quieter streets.", "D": "Walking time is the only useful information a navigation app can provide." }, "correct_options": [ "A" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 11 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S02", "level": "G", "order": 2, "title": "Who Owns a Community Sound Map?", "text_type": "fictional governance discussion", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S02-P1", "number": 1, "text": "The sound of a market bell may seem to belong to everyone who hears it. Turning that sound into a public recording, however, raises a different question: who should decide how it is used? In this fictional account, the town of Bellford plans an online map of everyday sounds. Visitors would be able to hear a fountain, a workshop, or a weekly market by selecting a location. The organizers want to preserve places as they sound now, rather than create an advertisement for the town. A recording might include something residents dislike as well as something they value. One contributor calls the map a celebration, but the coordinator prefers the less ambitious word record. She argues that selecting only pleasant sounds would produce a misleading impression of local life. The coordinator also notes that a recording can be easy to share and difficult to withdraw from every place it has reached. This does not prevent the town from setting rules for its own map. It makes the distinction between controlling the service and controlling every later use especially important." }, { "id": "G-S02-P2", "number": 2, "text": "Before collecting material, the team distinguishes between recording a place and recording an identifiable person. A general recording of water flowing through a public square may be submitted without an individual speaker's permission. A clearly recognizable conversation requires permission from everyone whose voice can be identified. This restriction makes some lively recordings unusable, but the team accepts that loss. Volunteers are asked to explain the intended public use before requesting permission; agreement to a private recording is not enough. Contributors may also choose to describe a sound in writing instead of uploading it. These alternatives let people take part without surrendering the same degree of control. The map does not claim that more recorded voices necessarily mean better representation." }, { "id": "G-S02-P3", "number": 3, "text": "The workshop owner supports the archive but objects to an outside company selling her recording. The coordinator responds by separating access from commercial reuse: anyone may listen, while selling or using a recording in an advertisement requires a new agreement. A contributor can request removal, although the map retains a written note explaining that an entry once existed. That note contains no voice or personal details." }, { "id": "G-S02-P4", "number": 4, "text": "Some residents worry that removing entries will weaken the historical record. Others believe an archive loses legitimacy if participation becomes an irreversible decision. No rule can completely satisfy both concerns. The proposed policy therefore remains open to discussion, with a review scheduled before the map becomes public. The organizers must decide not simply which sounds are worth collecting, but what continuing responsibilities arise from making them available." } ], "word_count": 431, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S02-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why does the coordinator prefer the word record to celebration?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S02-P1", "target": "G-S02-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S02-P1", "quote": "selecting only pleasant sounds would produce a misleading impression of local life" } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "This names the topic without explaining the word choice.", "primary_trap_id": 3, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Appealing praise is the approach she questions.", "primary_trap_id": 5, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Record is modest; complete adds an unsupported scope.", "primary_trap_id": 8, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "The project concerns the sounds of Bellford.", "B": "It allows the map to include disagreeable aspects of town life.", "C": "It promises an inspiring tribute to a wonderful community.", "D": "A record is a complete account of every local sound." }, "correct_options": [ "B" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 3, 5, 8 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S02-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "sentence_completion", "instruction": "Complete the sentence.", "stem": "The map aims to preserve _____ rather than advertise the town.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S02-P1", "target": "G-S02-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S02-P1", "quote": "preserve places as they sound now" } ], "primary_skill": "completion", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "the town buildings", "explanation_en": "The phrase fits after preserve but the object is sounds, not buildings.", "trap_id": 15, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "the current sounds of local places" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "what places sound like now" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "the current sounds of local places" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject future sounds, advertising or preservation of buildings.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 15 ], "training_families_present": [ "completion" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S02-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph II.", "stem": "Which TWO conditions apply to publishing an identifiable conversation?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S02-P2", "target": "G-S02-P2", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S02-P2", "quote": "requires permission from everyone whose voice can be identified" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S02-P2", "quote": "explain the intended public use before requesting permission" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Private consent does not authorize public use.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Everyone is required, not one participant.", "primary_trap_id": 6, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "E": { "explanation_en": "Commercial reuse is in a later paragraph.", "primary_trap_id": 12, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "F": { "explanation_en": "Written descriptions are available.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Consent to private recording is sufficient.", "B": "They must understand the intended public use.", "C": "All identifiable speakers must give permission.", "D": "One speaker can authorize all the voices.", "E": "Selling it requires another agreement.", "F": "Every contributor must upload a voice recording." }, "correct_options": [ "B", "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 6, 7, 12 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S02-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why does the team accept losing some lively recordings?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S02-P2", "target": "G-S02-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S02-P2", "quote": "This restriction makes some lively recordings unusable, but the team accepts that loss." } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "It gives priority to the permission of identifiable speakers." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "To respect speakers who have not authorized public use." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "It gives priority to the permission of identifiable speakers." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject poor sound quality; explain the consent restriction.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "evidence" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S02-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What does the removal policy retain?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S02-P3", "target": "G-S02-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S02-P3", "quote": "the map retains a written note explaining that an entry once existed" } ], "primary_skill": "detail", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The note contains no voice.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Removal leaves a note, not an audible recording.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "A written note remains.", "primary_trap_id": 6, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "The voice remains available only to advertisers.", "B": "The recording remains publicly audible.", "C": "No trace of the entry remains.", "D": "A nonpersonal note that an entry used to exist." }, "correct_options": [ "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 6 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S02-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why is a review scheduled before publication?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S02-P4", "target": "G-S02-P4", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S02-P4", "quote": "The proposed policy therefore remains open to discussion, with a review scheduled before the map becomes public." } ], "primary_skill": "time", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 4 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "The map has already resolved the conflict.", "explanation_en": "Discussion and review are still pending.", "trap_id": 13, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "The unresolved balance between historical preservation and participant control must be considered." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "To reconsider the policy while the competing concerns are still open." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "The unresolved balance between historical preservation and participant control must be considered." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a completed review or agreement by all residents.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S02-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Which title best suits the whole article?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S02-P1", "quote": "who should decide how it is used?" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S02-P2", "quote": "explain the intended public use" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S02-P4", "quote": "continuing responsibilities" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "It is a proposed sound map, not complete history.", "primary_trap_id": 11, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The text examines governance, not visitor recommendations.", "primary_trap_id": 10, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Commercial use is one issue, not the overall purpose.", "primary_trap_id": 11, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "A Complete History of Bellford", "B": "Sharing Local Sounds: Access Comes with Responsibilities", "C": "The Best Places to Hear a Fountain", "D": "How to Sell a Workshop Recording" }, "correct_options": [ "B" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 10, 11 ], "training_families_present": [ "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S03", "level": "G", "order": 3, "title": "Making a Device Easier to Repair", "text_type": "fictional design comparison", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S03-P1", "number": 1, "text": "In a fictional design competition, two teams produce desk lamps intended to last for years. One lamp has a thin body with several parts permanently joined together. The other has a slightly wider base that can be opened with an ordinary screwdriver. Both lamps provide the same amount of light, so the difference cannot be judged by brightness alone. The second team wants owners to replace a failed switch without replacing the whole lamp. That possibility attracts the judges, but they ask a further question: will replacement switches actually remain available? A product may be easy to open and still be difficult to repair. The competition therefore considers the arrangements surrounding the lamp as well as its physical design. The judges ask both teams to describe a likely owner, rather than imagine a person with unlimited money, skill, and time. A useful design should account for the choices ordinary people might actually face. The comparison will include moments when a repair is possible but inconvenient, as well as moments when it is straightforward." }, { "id": "G-S03-P2", "number": 2, "text": "The repairable lamp uses a switch shared with several other products. This could make supplying replacement parts less expensive because the manufacturer would not need a separate production line for this model. The team also publishes instructions showing how to reach the switch without disturbing the wiring. These measures reduce two barriers: finding a suitable component and understanding the procedure. They do not make every repair appropriate for an untrained owner. The instructions clearly identify electrical faults that should be handled by a qualified technician. One judge describes the proposal as reducing dependence on a single supplier, whereas a publicity leaflet calls it total independence. The judge rejects that wording. Owners would still depend on available components, safe procedures, and people able to deal with more complicated faults." }, { "id": "G-S03-P3", "number": 3, "text": "The other team argues that its sealed lamp is easier to protect against spilled water. It proposes a low-cost replacement service rather than home repair. The judges acknowledge this advantage but ask who will collect the old lamps and which parts will be reused. Replacing a complete product may appear inexpensive to an owner while shifting work and waste elsewhere. Conversely, making a product repairable does not ensure that anyone will choose to repair it. Time, confidence, and the price of a replacement all influence that decision." }, { "id": "G-S03-P4", "number": 4, "text": "Instead of announcing a winner immediately, the judges request a comparison of both designs over several years of ordinary use. They want evidence about actual repairs and returns, not just statements about what is theoretically possible. Neither design is dismissed, but each must demonstrate that its promised advantage survives beyond the competition table." } ], "word_count": 441, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S03-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why do the judges ask about future supplies of switches?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S03-P1", "target": "G-S03-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S03-P1", "quote": "easy to open and still be difficult to repair" } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "Opening the lamp is insufficient if suitable replacement parts are unavailable." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "Repair also depends on obtaining replacement switches." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "Opening the lamp is insufficient if suitable replacement parts are unavailable." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject brightness or a claim that switches are already unavailable.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "evidence" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S03-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What is the second team trying to enable?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S03-P1", "target": "G-S03-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S03-P1", "quote": "replace a failed switch without replacing the whole lamp" } ], "primary_skill": "detail", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The proposal concerns this lamp.", "primary_trap_id": 11, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Emotional promises lack evidence.", "primary_trap_id": 5, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Both provide the same light.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Repair of every household device.", "B": "An effortless and wonderful life for every owner.", "C": "Replacement of one failed component.", "D": "A brighter light than the other lamp." }, "correct_options": [ "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 5, 11 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S03-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why is total independence an inaccurate description?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S03-P2", "target": "G-S03-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S03-P2", "quote": "Owners would still depend on available components, safe procedures, and people" } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "Qualified technicians may handle complex faults.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Reduced and complete have different strength.", "primary_trap_id": 8, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "The instructions identify faults requiring a technician. An invented causal claim is not a reversal of an established cause/effect relation.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Reducing dependence does not remove all reliance on others.", "B": "Every repair must be performed by the manufacturer.", "C": "Reduced dependence means complete freedom from suppliers.", "D": "The instructions themselves cause electrical faults." }, "correct_options": [ "A" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 8 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S03-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "sentence_completion", "instruction": "Complete the sentence.", "stem": "Using a shared switch could reduce costs because _____.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S03-P2", "target": "G-S03-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S03-P2", "quote": "would not need a separate production line for this model" } ], "primary_skill": "cause", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "A cheaper production line causes the switch to be shared.", "explanation_en": "This reverses the stated cost relationship.", "trap_id": 4, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "the manufacturer would not need a production line dedicated to this model" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "several products could use components made by the same line" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "the manufacturer would not need a production line dedicated to this model" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject lower costs causing the switch to become shared.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 4 ], "training_families_present": [ "cause" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S03-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph III.", "stem": "Which TWO factors are explicitly mentioned as influencing a decision to repair?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S03-P3", "target": "G-S03-P3", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S03-P3", "quote": "Time, confidence, and the price of a replacement all influence that decision." } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "This appears in a different paragraph, not the requested list.", "primary_trap_id": 12, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Their ages are not given.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "E": { "explanation_en": "Brightness is not listed as a repair decision factor.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "F": { "explanation_en": "No color is supplied.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "The cost of replacing the product.", "B": "The availability of a shared switch.", "C": "The age of the competition judges.", "D": "The time involved.", "E": "The brightness of the lamp.", "F": "The color of its base." }, "correct_options": [ "A", "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 12 ], "training_families_present": [ "task" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S03-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "sentence_completion", "instruction": "Complete the sentence.", "stem": "Before choosing a winner, the judges want _____.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S03-P4", "target": "G-S03-P4", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S03-P4", "quote": "evidence about actual repairs and returns" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 4 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "To make the lamp brighter.", "explanation_en": "This proposes a design change instead of the evidence requested.", "trap_id": 10, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "evidence from ordinary use over several years comparing actual repairs and returns" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "a longer-term comparison of how both designs are repaired or returned" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "evidence from ordinary use over several years comparing actual repairs and returns" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a design promise alone or announcement of an existing winner.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 10 ], "training_families_present": [ "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S03-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What is the main purpose of the article?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S03-P1", "quote": "arrangements surrounding the lamp" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S03-P2", "quote": "They do not make every repair appropriate" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S03-P4", "quote": "actual repairs and returns" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "One component is too narrow for the text.", "primary_trap_id": 11, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "It is not a repair manual.", "primary_trap_id": 10, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Neither design is dismissed.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "To show why claims about repairability require practical support and comparison.", "B": "To describe the production of a shared switch.", "C": "To explain how to change every electrical component.", "D": "To prove that sealed devices should never be sold." }, "correct_options": [ "A" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 10, 11 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S04", "level": "G", "order": 4, "title": "Digital Copies in a Museum", "text_type": "fictional contrasting perspectives", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S04-P1", "number": 1, "text": "A visitor to a fictional museum asks a reasonable question: if a sculpture can be copied accurately, why travel to see the original? The museum's new digital collection allows people to examine three-dimensional images from any angle. A student who cannot visit can enlarge a small detail that would be difficult to notice behind glass. The digital collection thus offers a kind of access the exhibition cannot provide. Yet the curator refuses to describe it as a replacement for the museum. The image records the sculpture's visible shape, while the exhibition also explains its material, original setting, and later history. These are related experiences, but they are not identical. Being able to inspect an object does not automatically mean understanding the circumstances in which it mattered. The curator asks the designers to avoid a single button that labels an object fully understood. Viewing several details may start an investigation without completing it. An online visitor should be able to return to the object with a new question, just as someone in the exhibition might look at it again." }, { "id": "G-S04-P2", "number": 2, "text": "To make that difference clear, the museum displays two digital versions of a damaged bowl. One shows the bowl as it survives; the other reconstructs its possible original form. The second version is useful for imagining how the bowl was used, but uncertain sections are marked in a different color. The curator insists that the marks remain visible even if they make the image less attractive. Removing them would turn an interpretation into an apparent fact. Both versions are based on the same surviving fragments, although only one fills the gaps. The design encourages visitors to compare the evidence with the reconstruction instead of assuming that a smooth image is necessarily the most reliable one. A copy can communicate uncertainty as well as visual detail." }, { "id": "G-S04-P3", "number": 3, "text": "A teacher welcomes the collection because her class can investigate objects before a visit. She asks students to formulate questions that the images alone cannot answer, such as how heavy a bowl feels or why it was placed beside another object. The class later discusses whether the exhibition answered those questions. A visitor with limited travel options, however, sees the online collection as her main encounter with the museum rather than preparation for a trip. The curator accepts both uses. She measures the collection's value by the questions and connections it makes possible, not by the number of online viewers who subsequently visit in person. The next stage will add descriptions of the rooms around the objects. This will provide more context, although it cannot reproduce every aspect of standing inside the building. The museum's challenge is to make the digital experience worthwhile on its own while being honest about what it represents." } ], "word_count": 456, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S04-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph I.", "stem": "Which TWO benefits of the digital collection are described?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S04-P1", "target": "G-S04-P1", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S04-P1", "quote": "examine three-dimensional images from any angle" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S04-P1", "quote": "enlarge a small detail" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Visible shape does not establish all context.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The curator rejects replacement.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Handling is not offered.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "E": { "explanation_en": "Images cannot convey the later weight question.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "It eliminates uncertainty about original settings.", "B": "Small details can be enlarged.", "C": "It replaces the museum experience completely.", "D": "All objects can be handled at home.", "E": "Visitors learn exactly how heavy every object is.", "F": "Objects can be viewed from different angles." }, "correct_options": [ "B", "F" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 2, 7 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S04-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why are the digital and exhibition experiences not identical?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S04-P1", "target": "G-S04-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S04-P1", "quote": "the exhibition also explains its material, original setting, and later history" } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "The exhibition supplies contextual information beyond the visible shape in an image." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "The image shows shape, whereas the exhibition explains material and history." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "The exhibition supplies contextual information beyond the visible shape in an image." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a claim that digital images show no useful detail.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "evidence" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S04-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "What do the two versions of the bowl have in common?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S04-P2", "target": "G-S04-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S04-P2", "quote": "Both versions are based on the same surviving fragments" } ], "primary_skill": "detail", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "Both reconstruct the missing parts.", "explanation_en": "The word both erases a stated distinction.", "trap_id": 6, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "They use the same surviving fragments as evidence." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "Both rely on the existing fragments." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "They use the same surviving fragments as evidence." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject both fill gaps; only one does.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 6 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S04-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why must the colored marks remain visible?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S04-P2", "target": "G-S04-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S04-P2", "quote": "Removing them would turn an interpretation into an apparent fact." } ], "primary_skill": "cause", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The text does not establish that universal claim.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Emotional attraction is not the reason for marking uncertainty.", "primary_trap_id": 5, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Price is absent.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "To prove that attractive copies are always false.", "B": "To preserve the beauty of a perfect ancient treasure.", "C": "To make the original bowl look more expensive.", "D": "To distinguish uncertain reconstruction from surviving evidence." }, "correct_options": [ "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 5, 7 ], "training_families_present": [ "cause", "evidence", "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S04-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What does the teacher ask students to do before visiting?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S04-P3", "target": "G-S04-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S04-P3", "quote": "formulate questions that the images alone cannot answer" } ], "primary_skill": "time", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "This is a different task.", "primary_trap_id": 10, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "The curator declines this measure.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "That discussion occurs later.", "primary_trap_id": 13, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Explain how the digital bowl was reconstructed.", "B": "Count how many viewers travel to the museum.", "C": "Identify questions requiring more than the images.", "D": "Decide that all their questions were answered by the exhibition." }, "correct_options": [ "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 10, 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "task", "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S04-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "sentence_completion", "instruction": "Complete the sentence.", "stem": "For the curator, an online viewer need not _____ for the collection to be valuable.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S04-P3", "target": "G-S04-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S04-P3", "quote": "not by the number of online viewers who subsequently visit in person" } ], "primary_skill": "completion", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "enlarge a detail", "explanation_en": "Grammatically possible, but this is a benefit, not the unnecessary outcome.", "trap_id": 15, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "subsequently visit the museum in person" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "make a later physical visit" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "subsequently visit the museum in person" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject inspect an image: that does not express the rejected measure.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 15 ], "training_families_present": [ "completion" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S04-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Which statement best summarizes the article?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S04-P1", "quote": "not identical" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S04-P2", "quote": "communicate uncertainty" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S04-P3", "quote": "worthwhile on its own" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The curator accepts a standalone encounter.", "primary_trap_id": 6, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Shape alone does not provide every answer.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "The example does not support this inference.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Online images are useful only before a physical visit.", "B": "Digital collections can offer valuable access when their interpretations and limits are clear.", "C": "All museum questions can be answered by accurate copies.", "D": "Two versions of one bowl prove the museum has no originals." }, "correct_options": [ "B" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 2, 6, 7 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S05", "level": "G", "order": 5, "title": "Food Labels with Changing Information", "text_type": "fictional explanation of a limited indicator", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S05-P1", "number": 1, "text": "A date printed on a package is easy to read, but it cannot show everything that has happened to the food inside. In a fictional packaging proposal, a small label changes color when a product has been exposed to unusually warm conditions for a certain period. The designer wants the label to add information about handling, not to replace the printed date. A shop assistant can read a date without knowing whether a delivery was delayed outside a refrigerator. The changing label could alert the assistant to that possibility. It would not identify who was responsible or explain exactly when the delay occurred. The distinction matters because an indicator of exposure is different from a complete account of a product's journey. The demonstration will present packages with different combinations of dates and colors. Participants will be asked what each indicator tells them separately. The designer expects this comparison to reveal misunderstandings that an attractive display might hide, but she does not yet have evidence that the explanation will work for all readers." }, { "id": "G-S05-P2", "number": 2, "text": "The proposed label responds to temperature and duration together. Brief warmth might leave it unchanged, whereas a longer period at the same temperature could alter its color. Once the change has occurred, cooling the package again does not restore the original color. This feature prevents later refrigeration from hiding an earlier exposure. However, a changed label does not by itself establish that the food is unsafe, and an unchanged label does not guarantee that it is safe. Other problems, which the label cannot detect, may affect the product. The designer therefore calls it a warning signal rather than a safety certificate. A retailer who describes it as proof of freshness would be giving it a meaning the design does not support." }, { "id": "G-S05-P3", "number": 3, "text": "Two shops suggest different ways to use the information. One proposes removing every package with a changed label. The other wants staff to check delivery records before deciding whether to return a batch to the supplier. The designer does not choose between these policies because the trial is intended to test whether people understand the signal, not to create a complete food-handling rule. In a demonstration, some participants treat an unchanged label as permission to ignore the printed date. The team responds by placing a short explanation beside both indicators: they answer different questions and should be read together. No results about illness or waste reduction are claimed. Before testing the label on real deliveries, the team must also establish whether its color can be read clearly under ordinary shop lighting. The proposal illustrates a broader difficulty in presenting useful information: a simple signal can be misunderstood precisely because it looks like a simple answer." } ], "word_count": 448, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S05-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What would the changing label tell an assistant?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S05-P1", "target": "G-S05-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S05-P1", "quote": "add information about handling, not to replace the printed date" } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The indicator reports exposure; it does not explain the history of refrigeration. This ordinary mismatch is left unlabelled.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Exposure information is not a freshness certificate.", "primary_trap_id": 8, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Responsibility is not identified.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "It would explain why refrigeration was invented.", "B": "It would certify that the product is fresh.", "C": "It would reveal exactly who delayed the delivery.", "D": "That the product may have experienced prolonged warmth." }, "correct_options": [ "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 8 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S05-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why might the printed date be insufficient?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S05-P1", "target": "G-S05-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S05-P1", "quote": "without knowing whether a delivery was delayed outside a refrigerator" } ], "primary_skill": "cause", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "It does not reveal the conditions experienced during handling." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "It cannot show whether the food was kept warm during a delay." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "It does not reveal the conditions experienced during handling." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a claim that the printed date is impossible to read.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "cause" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S05-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "sentence_completion", "instruction": "Complete the sentence.", "stem": "Cooling a package after its label has changed will _____.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S05-P2", "target": "G-S05-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S05-P2", "quote": "does not restore the original color" } ], "primary_skill": "time", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "make the label change only in the future", "explanation_en": "The change has already occurred and persists.", "trap_id": 13, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "leave the changed color in place" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "not return the label to its original color" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "leave the changed color in place" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject recovery of color or an assertion about food safety.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S05-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why is safety certificate an inaccurate name?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S05-P2", "target": "G-S05-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S05-P2", "quote": "Other problems, which the label cannot detect, may affect the product." } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Certification strengthens a qualified warning into proof.", "primary_trap_id": 8, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Cooling follows exposure; the label does not cause it.", "primary_trap_id": 4, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Duration also matters.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Warning and certification mean the same degree of certainty.", "B": "Cooling is caused by the change in color.", "C": "The label cannot establish safety from all possible problems.", "D": "All labels change after brief warmth." }, "correct_options": [ "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 4, 7, 8 ], "training_families_present": [ "cause", "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S05-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph III.", "stem": "Which TWO matters must the team investigate or address before ordinary use?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S05-P3", "target": "G-S05-P3", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S05-P3", "quote": "whether its color can be read clearly under ordinary shop lighting" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S05-P3", "quote": "test whether people understand the signal" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The design does not restore it.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "No historical inquiry is proposed.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "No illness results are claimed.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "F": { "explanation_en": "That operating relationship is in a different paragraph, outside the stated location.", "primary_trap_id": 12, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "How to restore the original color by cooling.", "B": "Who invented the printed date.", "C": "Whether people understand the signal.", "D": "Whether illness has already fallen in both shops.", "E": "Whether shop lighting allows the color to be read clearly.", "F": "Which temperature and duration alter the color." }, "correct_options": [ "C", "E" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 12 ], "training_families_present": [ "task" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S05-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "sentence_completion", "instruction": "Complete the sentence.", "stem": "The explanation is placed beside both indicators so that users _____.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S05-P3", "target": "G-S05-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S05-P3", "quote": "they answer different questions and should be read together" } ], "primary_skill": "completion", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "can admire the package", "explanation_en": "Possible grammar, but no informational purpose is expressed.", "trap_id": 15, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "read the date and exposure signal together instead of treating one as sufficient" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "understand that the signal does not replace the date" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "read the date and exposure signal together instead of treating one as sufficient" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject ignoring the date or proving absence of illness.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 15 ], "training_families_present": [ "completion" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S05-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What is the article mainly about?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S05-P1", "quote": "an indicator of exposure" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S05-P2", "quote": "warning signal rather than a safety certificate" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S05-P3", "quote": "a simple signal can be misunderstood" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The article does not create that rule.", "primary_trap_id": 10, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Those records are only part of one suggested policy.", "primary_trap_id": 11, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "No illness result is claimed.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Instructions for returning every warm package.", "B": "The useful but limited information a changing food label could provide.", "C": "The delivery records of two shops.", "D": "A proven method for eliminating food illness." }, "correct_options": [ "B" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 10, 11 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S06", "level": "G", "order": 6, "title": "A Public Seating Experiment", "text_type": "fictional limited trial with selection effects", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S06-P1", "number": 1, "text": "The busiest bench is not necessarily the most useful bench. That is the starting point of a fictional seating experiment in the town of Merefield. Officials want to compare two arrangements in a public square: benches facing the central stage and benches facing one another. The first arrangement may suit people watching an event; the second may make conversation easier. Counting occupied seats seems a convenient way to compare them, but the planner argues that the count needs an interpretation. A bench used briefly by many people may serve a different purpose from one used for a long conversation. Neither pattern is automatically better. The question is which activities the square should support and whether its seating offers appropriate choices. The planner also asks volunteers to describe whether people sit alone or with others, without recording their identities or conversations. This would help distinguish some uses that a bare count misses. The additional observation is intended to inform the seating discussion, not establish what every person in the square wants." }, { "id": "G-S06-P2", "number": 2, "text": "During the first week, volunteers count more people on the stage-facing benches. An official takes this as evidence that residents prefer that arrangement. However, the week includes an outdoor concert, and volunteers make their observations mainly during the event. People who want a quiet conversation might avoid the square at such times and therefore be absent from the count. The planner does not say the observations are false. She says they describe the people present under particular conditions." }, { "id": "G-S06-P3", "number": 3, "text": "To investigate a broader range of uses, the team schedules observations on ordinary mornings and evenings as well. It also distinguishes between passing visitors and people who remain seated. These changes are made after the first count and before any permanent arrangement is chosen." }, { "id": "G-S06-P4", "number": 4, "text": "A further disagreement concerns comfort. Shopkeepers favor seats that people leave quickly because this might encourage movement through the square. An older resident values a seat where he can rest for half an hour before continuing home. Both support keeping the square active, but they interpret activity differently." }, { "id": "G-S06-P5", "number": 5, "text": "The planner suggests retaining some benches of each type rather than treating the experiment as a competition with one winning design. This proposal is not based on a finding that both designs attract equal numbers. It follows from recognizing different purposes and the limits of the available observations. The next report will explain who was counted, when the count occurred, and what the count cannot reveal. Residents will then discuss the intended uses of the square before deciding its final arrangement. The experiment has produced a better question rather than a simple ranking, and the planner regards that as a legitimate contribution to a public decision." } ], "word_count": 446, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S06-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why might equal seat counts conceal different kinds of use?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S06-P1", "target": "G-S06-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S06-P1", "quote": "used briefly by many people may serve a different purpose from one used for a long conversation" } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "A count does not distinguish brief visits from longer conversations." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "The duration and purpose of sitting may differ even if occupancy looks similar." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "A count does not distinguish brief visits from longer conversations." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject claiming that one type is always superior.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "evidence" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S06-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What should guide the interpretation of occupancy?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S06-P1", "target": "G-S06-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S06-P1", "quote": "which activities the square should support" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "That is a different practical task.", "primary_trap_id": 10, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "No health standard appears.", "primary_trap_id": 1, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "A topic alone does not supply the decision criterion.", "primary_trap_id": 3, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "The activities the seating is intended to support.", "B": "How the volunteers should arrange their next meeting.", "C": "The healthiest number of minutes to sit.", "D": "The topic of public seating." }, "correct_options": [ "A" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 1, 3, 10 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S06-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why might the concert count give a limited picture?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S06-P2", "target": "G-S06-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S06-P2", "quote": "People who want a quiet conversation might avoid the square at such times" } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The event influenced who was counted, not vice versa.", "primary_trap_id": 4, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The count does not represent everyone.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "The planner does not dispute accuracy.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "The concert was held because the count showed a preference.", "B": "People seeking other uses may not have been present.", "C": "The concert proves all residents prefer facing a stage.", "D": "The volunteers invented the occupancy figures." }, "correct_options": [ "B" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 4, 7 ], "training_families_present": [ "cause", "evidence", "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S06-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "What changed after the initial observations? Give ONE change.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S06-P3", "target": "G-S06-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S06-P3", "quote": "schedules observations on ordinary mornings and evenings as well" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S06-P3", "quote": "distinguishes between passing visitors and people who remain seated" } ], "primary_skill": "time", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "The final arrangement was already chosen.", "explanation_en": "Observational changes precede that decision.", "trap_id": 13, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "Observations were extended to ordinary mornings and evenings." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "They distinguished passing visitors from people who stayed seated." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "Observations were extended to ordinary mornings and evenings." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Accept either expanded observation times or distinguishing duration; reject a permanent seating decision.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true, "acceptable_meaning_groups": [ [ "Observations were extended to ordinary mornings and evenings." ], [ "They distinguished passing visitors from people who stayed seated." ] ], "select_any_distinct_groups": 1, "required_meanings_are_sample_key": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S06-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "How do the shopkeepers and the older resident differ in what they value?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S06-P4", "target": "G-S06-P4", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S06-P4", "quote": "Shopkeepers favor seats that people leave quickly" } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 4 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "The shopkeepers value rapid movement, while the resident values a longer rest." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "Quick turnover matters to shopkeepers; a half-hour rest matters to the resident." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "The shopkeepers value rapid movement, while the resident values a longer rest." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Require both positions; reject hostility to an active square.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S06-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What does the planner propose?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S06-P5", "target": "G-S06-P5", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S06-P5", "quote": "retaining some benches of each type" } ], "primary_skill": "detail", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 5 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Equal numbers are not the basis of the proposal.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "No such change is proposed.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "She proposes a mixture based on different purposes.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Waiting until both arrangements attract equal numbers.", "B": "Replacing all benches with standing areas.", "C": "Keeping a mixture of seating arrangements.", "D": "Selecting the design with the most concert viewers." }, "correct_options": [ "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "evidence" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S06-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Which statement best captures the whole article?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S06-P1", "quote": "count needs an interpretation" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S06-P2", "quote": "particular conditions" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S06-P5", "quote": "different purposes" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The text values a better question and a mixed proposal.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Other activities are explicitly valued.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "One perspective is too narrow.", "primary_trap_id": 11, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Every experiment must produce a winning design.", "B": "Concerts are the only useful activity in a square.", "C": "Public seating should be designed solely for older people.", "D": "A seating count becomes useful when interpreted in relation to conditions and purposes." }, "correct_options": [ "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 11 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S07", "level": "G", "order": 7, "title": "Paying for Shared Equipment", "text_type": "fictional comparison of funding models", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S07-P1", "number": 1, "text": "Free access and a service without costs are not the same thing. A fictional neighborhood workshop lends tools without charging a borrowing fee, but someone must still inspect them, replace worn parts, and organize reservations. Its committee is considering two funding models for the coming year. One would ask households for voluntary contributions; the other would introduce a small membership payment while keeping some free places. Neither proposal would charge separately for each tool. Supporters of voluntary funding believe a payment requirement could discourage occasional users. Supporters of membership argue that predictable income would make maintenance easier to plan. The discussion concerns how to sustain access, rather than whether shared tools are useful in principle. The committee wants its final explanation to distinguish a cost that occurs once from one that returns each month. A service can begin with donated equipment and still need an ongoing source of money. Making this distinction clear may help households understand why a familiar workshop can face a new financial decision." }, { "id": "G-S07-P2", "number": 2, "text": "The workshop initially paid for repairs with money left from its opening grant. That money is now nearly exhausted. A delay in repairing one drill has already reduced the number available to borrow, so the committee sees a connection between maintenance and access. Buying more tools without arranging future repairs could increase the same problem. Volunteers can check for visible damage, but certain faults require a paid technician. The coordinator asks members to distinguish these roles. Additional volunteers might reduce the time spent organizing reservations, yet they would not necessarily remove the need for professional repairs. When a donor offers to pay for new shelves, the committee welcomes the gift while noting that it cannot be treated as an answer to every continuing expense." }, { "id": "G-S07-P3", "number": 3, "text": "At the meeting, a resident proposes a compromise: retain free borrowing for everyone during a six-month trial funded by voluntary contributions, but publish the expected repair costs and the amount still needed. The committee would state before the trial which services would be reduced if the money fell short. This arrangement would let donors understand the consequences of contributing without promising that generosity will solve the budget problem." }, { "id": "G-S07-P4", "number": 4, "text": "A member favors the trial because it preserves access while making the financial risk visible. Another doubts that uncertain income can support reliable availability. Both agree that a funding model should be judged by the service it supports, not merely by the number of payments collected. The committee postpones its choice until it has calculated essential costs. No model is presented as a guaranteed solution, and a successful trial would not establish that voluntary funding could cover every future year." } ], "word_count": 439, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S07-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What is the main disagreement described in paragraph I?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S07-P1", "target": "G-S07-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S07-P1", "quote": "how to sustain access" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "This gives the topic without the disagreement.", "primary_trap_id": 3, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "It is not a training discussion.", "primary_trap_id": 10, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "The paragraph distinguishes the debate from that issue.", "primary_trap_id": 10, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "How to fund the continuing service.", "B": "Shared workshop equipment.", "C": "How to use a drill safely.", "D": "Whether tools are useful in principle." }, "correct_options": [ "A" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 3, 10 ], "training_families_present": [ "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S07-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph I.", "stem": "Which TWO features are shared by both proposed models?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S07-P1", "target": "G-S07-P1", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S07-P1", "quote": "Neither proposal would charge separately for each tool." }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S07-P1", "quote": "funding models for the coming year" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "Repair roles are discussed later and include paid work.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Voluntary funding does not require them.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "E": { "explanation_en": "The initial repair funding is stated in paragraph II; it is not a feature shared by the two proposed funding models.", "primary_trap_id": 12, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "F": { "explanation_en": "Neither guarantees that outcome.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "They would fund a tool-lending service.", "B": "They would rely entirely on volunteers for repairs.", "C": "They would require payments from every household.", "D": "They would avoid charging separately for each tool.", "E": "Initial repairs were paid for from the opening grant.", "F": "They would guarantee permanent free access for everyone." }, "correct_options": [ "A", "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 12 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S07-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "How can a repair delay affect access?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S07-P2", "target": "G-S07-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S07-P2", "quote": "reduced the number available to borrow" } ], "primary_skill": "cause", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "Having fewer available drills caused the repair delay.", "explanation_en": "This reverses the stated effect.", "trap_id": 4, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "It leaves fewer functioning tools available for borrowing." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "Users have fewer tools they can borrow." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "It leaves fewer functioning tools available for borrowing." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject access causing the original fault.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 4 ], "training_families_present": [ "cause" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S07-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why is the shelves donation not a complete budget solution?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S07-P2", "target": "G-S07-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S07-P2", "quote": "cannot be treated as an answer to every continuing expense" } ], "primary_skill": "scope", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "They can reduce that work.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The claim expands one donation to everything.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "It welcomes the gift.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "It meets one need without covering all recurring costs.", "B": "Volunteers cannot organize reservations.", "C": "A gift always covers every expense.", "D": "The committee refuses all donations." }, "correct_options": [ "A" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S07-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "sentence_completion", "instruction": "Complete the sentence.", "stem": "Before the trial begins, the committee would explain _____.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S07-P3", "target": "G-S07-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S07-P3", "quote": "state before the trial which services would be reduced if the money fell short" } ], "primary_skill": "time", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "which services were reduced after the trial ended", "explanation_en": "The announcement precedes the proposed trial.", "trap_id": 13, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "which services would be reduced if contributions were insufficient" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "the planned service reductions in the event of a funding shortfall" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "which services would be reduced if contributions were insufficient" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject reductions already implemented; this is proposed advance notice.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S07-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why might the two members assess the trial differently?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S07-P4", "target": "G-S07-P4", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S07-P4", "quote": "Another doubts that uncertain income can support reliable availability." } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 4 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "One prioritizes keeping free access during the trial; the other questions reliability under uncertain funding." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "They weigh preserved access and predictable funding differently." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "One prioritizes keeping free access during the trial; the other questions reliability under uncertain funding." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Require the contrasting priorities, not a claim that either opposes tools.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "evidence" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S07-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Which summary best fits the article?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S07-P1", "quote": "someone must still inspect them" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S07-P2", "quote": "maintenance and access" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S07-P4", "quote": "No model is presented as a guaranteed solution" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The trial is proposed and limited.", "primary_trap_id": 13, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The central question is broader continuing funding.", "primary_trap_id": 11, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Members judge the service supported.", "primary_trap_id": 6, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Voluntary donations have already secured permanent funding.", "B": "Sustaining shared access requires a funding decision that recognizes continuing costs and uncertainty.", "C": "New shelves are the workshop's central problem.", "D": "Collecting more payments is the only measure of success." }, "correct_options": [ "B" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 6, 11, 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task", "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S08", "level": "G", "order": 8, "title": "An Archive of Everyday Objects", "text_type": "fictional selection and representation", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S08-P1", "number": 1, "text": "Which object should represent an ordinary school day: a timetable, a broken pencil, or a note passed between friends? In a fictional archive called Daily Traces, a group of students must make that choice without keeping every object they receive. Their storage room is small, and each item requires a description explaining its origin and use. The archive is intended to preserve evidence of everyday experience, including routines that formal school records may overlook. A neatly written timetable gives one kind of information; a worn pencil might give another. The organizers do not assume that an unusual object is automatically more informative. Its importance depends on the questions it can help someone ask about a particular time and place. A visitor should also be able to ask what the collection excludes because of limited space. The organizers plan to list broad categories of material they could not keep. Such a list cannot restore those objects, but it can make the limits of the archive easier to recognize and discuss." }, { "id": "G-S08-P2", "number": 2, "text": "The group first invites anyone to contribute. Soon it receives many competition medals but few objects from ordinary lessons. This does not establish that competitions occupied most of the school day. People may be more willing to give objects associated with achievements, while treating routine materials as worthless. The collection consequently reflects what contributors chose to save as well as what students actually did." }, { "id": "G-S08-P3", "number": 3, "text": "To broaden it, the organizers ask several classes to suggest items from an ordinary week. They keep the original medals but add an explanation of the first invitation and its limitations. This explanation matters because a later viewer might otherwise mistake the contents of the room for an unbiased picture of school life. Absence from an archive is not necessarily evidence of absence from experience." }, { "id": "G-S08-P4", "number": 4, "text": "The next difficulty is deciding how much information should accompany an object. A note can be historically interesting while revealing something its writer never intended to make public. The students therefore ask permission before including an identifiable person's private words. Where permission is refused, they may preserve a general description without the words themselves. These descriptions provide less detail, but the organizers consider that loss preferable to making trust impossible." }, { "id": "G-S08-P5", "number": 5, "text": "The first exhibition shows a selection of items beside short accounts of why they were chosen. Visitors are also told which kinds of material are missing. The purpose is to make the archive's decisions visible, rather than claim that those decisions can be avoided. By explaining selection, the students hope to create a collection that can be questioned intelligently. They recognize that a careful archive offers a useful perspective on the past, not the past itself in miniature." } ], "word_count": 446, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S08-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "What makes an object informative for this archive?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S08-P1", "target": "G-S08-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S08-P1", "quote": "the questions it can help someone ask about a particular time and place" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "Its ability to support questions about a specific experience, time and place." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "The evidence it provides about everyday experience." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "Its ability to support questions about a specific experience, time and place." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject unusual appearance alone.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S08-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why does every kept object need a description?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S08-P1", "target": "G-S08-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S08-P1", "quote": "explaining its origin and use" } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The text does not claim physical preservation by words.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "No such condition is stated.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "No ranking is established.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Descriptions make objects last physically longer.", "B": "The room can expand only when descriptions are written.", "C": "Its context helps people interpret it.", "D": "All broken pencils are more valuable than timetables." }, "correct_options": [ "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 2, 7 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S08-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph II.", "stem": "Which TWO interpretations of the early collection are supported?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S08-P2", "target": "G-S08-P2", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S08-P2", "quote": "reflects what contributors chose to save as well as what students actually did" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Missing objects do not prove missing experiences.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "That is in a later paragraph.", "primary_trap_id": 12, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "A preference to save achievements is not proof of deception.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "E": { "explanation_en": "The paragraph rejects this conclusion.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Routine lessons never occurred.", "B": "The abundance of medals may not show how school time was spent.", "C": "Permission was requested for private notes.", "D": "All contributors deliberately deceived the organizers.", "E": "Medals prove competitions took up most lessons.", "F": "Contributors' choices shaped its contents." }, "correct_options": [ "B", "F" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 2, 7, 12 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S08-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "sentence_completion", "instruction": "Complete the sentence.", "stem": "The explanation of the first invitation prevents viewers from assuming _____.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S08-P3", "target": "G-S08-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S08-P3", "quote": "an unbiased picture of school life" } ], "primary_skill": "completion", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "that medals are attractive", "explanation_en": "This fits the clause but does not express the mistaken representativeness.", "trap_id": 15, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "that the collection gives an unbiased picture of school life" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "that its contents directly represent the frequency of every school activity" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "that the collection gives an unbiased picture of school life" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject saying medals are fake.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 15 ], "training_families_present": [ "completion" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S08-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What does the phrase 'These descriptions' refer to?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S08-P4", "target": "G-S08-P4", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S08-P4", "quote": "These descriptions provide less detail" } ], "primary_skill": "reference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 4 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Those words are omitted.", "primary_trap_id": 9, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "That is not the referent.", "primary_trap_id": 9, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The immediate reference is the privacy alternative.", "primary_trap_id": 9, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Private notes copied word for word.", "B": "The timetable in the first paragraph.", "C": "Descriptions of the original competition medals.", "D": "General accounts that omit private words when permission is refused." }, "correct_options": [ "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 9 ], "training_families_present": [ "reference" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S08-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why does the exhibition explain why items were chosen?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S08-P5", "target": "G-S08-P5", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S08-P5", "quote": "make the archive's decisions visible" } ], "primary_skill": "cause", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 5 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "So visitors can understand and question the selection decisions." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "To reveal the perspective created by the selection." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "So visitors can understand and question the selection decisions." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject claiming no choices were made.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "cause" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S08-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Which is the best title for the whole article?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S08-P1", "quote": "without keeping every object" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S08-P2", "quote": "contributors chose to save" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S08-P5", "quote": "a useful perspective on the past" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The archive explicitly has limits.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "A description can be retained; destruction is not required.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Winning is not the article's subject.", "primary_trap_id": 10, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "The Complete School Day in One Room", "B": "Why Private Notes Must Always Be Destroyed", "C": "How to Win a School Medal", "D": "Collecting Everyday Life: Making Selection Visible" }, "correct_options": [ "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S09", "level": "G", "order": 9, "title": "A Robot Library Assistant", "text_type": "fictional allocation of work", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S09-P1", "number": 1, "text": "At a fictional library in Westhaven, returning a book involves more than placing it on a shelf. Staff must check whether it belongs in the ordinary collection, needs repair, or has been reserved for another reader. A proposed robot could carry books between desks and shelves, reducing the time staff spend walking through the building. The library director welcomes that possibility but avoids saying that the machine could take over the whole returns service. Moving an object and deciding what should happen to it are different tasks. The proposal assigns routine transport to the robot while keeping decisions about damaged or reserved books with staff. Its value would depend partly on how well those tasks fit together. The director asks the designers to identify conditions under which the machine should stop and seek help. A clearly stated boundary would be more useful than a promise of uninterrupted movement. Staff would then know whether a pause reflects the intended procedure or an unexpected problem requiring a different response." }, { "id": "G-S09-P2", "number": 2, "text": "During a demonstration, the robot carries a cart correctly but leaves it beside a shelf where staff are helping a group of children. The cart blocks their movement even though it has reached the location specified in its instructions. This incident leads the team to add a waiting area away from busy shelves. The robot would stop there if the destination were occupied and notify a staff member. The change does not mean the machine can now understand every social situation in the library. It creates a clear response to one condition the designers can detect. The director calls this limited adaptation useful, while warning against describing it as independent judgment. Staff must still decide whether to interrupt an activity, choose another destination, or leave the books waiting." }, { "id": "G-S09-P3", "number": 3, "text": "Some employees worry that learning to operate the robot will add work before it saves any. The director proposes measuring both the walking time avoided and the time spent resolving interruptions. A faster journey is not a saving if it creates a longer delay elsewhere. Other employees hope the robot will let them spend more time recommending books, but the director notes that freed time must actually be allocated to that work. Automation alone does not decide a library's priorities. The proposed trial therefore includes a plan for what staff would do with any time saved. It also retains a manual transport option in case the machine is unavailable. No reduction in staff numbers is proposed. Rather than asking whether a robot is better than a person in general, the library is asking which narrowly defined tasks it can handle reliably and how the remaining responsibilities should be organized." } ], "word_count": 444, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S09-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Which distinction underlies the proposed division of work?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S09-P1", "target": "G-S09-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S09-P1", "quote": "Moving an object and deciding what should happen to it are different tasks." } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The proposal retains decisions with staff.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Reservation and damage are separate conditions.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "No such role is assigned.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Transport makes all human decisions unnecessary.", "B": "Every reserved book is damaged.", "C": "Transport is different from deciding how a returned book should be treated.", "D": "A proposed robot is already the library director." }, "correct_options": [ "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S09-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Give ONE decision that would remain with staff.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S09-P1", "target": "G-S09-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S09-P1", "quote": "decisions about damaged or reserved books with staff" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S09-P1", "quote": "damaged or reserved books" } ], "primary_skill": "detail", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "Deciding what to do with a damaged book." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "Deciding how to deal with a reserved book." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "Deciding what to do with a damaged book." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Accept damaged-book handling or reserved-book handling; reject routine transport.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true, "acceptable_meaning_groups": [ [ "Deciding how to handle damaged books." ], [ "Deciding how to handle reserved books." ] ], "select_any_distinct_groups": 1, "required_meanings_are_sample_key": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "evidence" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S09-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why was a waiting area added?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S09-P2", "target": "G-S09-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S09-P2", "quote": "The cart blocks their movement" } ], "primary_skill": "cause", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "The waiting area caused the original obstruction.", "explanation_en": "The obstruction prompted the added area.", "trap_id": 4, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "To keep a cart from obstructing activities near occupied shelves." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "So the robot can wait away from a busy destination." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "To keep a cart from obstructing activities near occupied shelves." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject because the robot cannot carry books.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 4 ], "training_families_present": [ "cause" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S09-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why does the director reject independent judgment?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S09-P2", "target": "G-S09-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S09-P2", "quote": "a clear response to one condition the designers can detect" } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "She calls the adaptation useful.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Those decisions remain with staff.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Complete understanding strengthens a narrow capability.", "primary_trap_id": 8, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "It can never complete any useful task.", "B": "The machine follows a response to one detectable condition.", "C": "Staff no longer decide whether to interrupt activities.", "D": "Limited adaptation means complete understanding." }, "correct_options": [ "B" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 8 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S09-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph III.", "stem": "Which TWO quantities would the director compare during the trial?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S09-P3", "target": "G-S09-P3", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S09-P3", "quote": "both the walking time avoided and the time spent resolving interruptions" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "Independent judgment is not claimed.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Not one of the proposed time quantities.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "E": { "explanation_en": "That measurement is not proposed.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "F": { "explanation_en": "No staff reduction is proposed.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Walking time avoided.", "B": "The number of independent social judgments by the robot.", "C": "Time spent handling interruptions.", "D": "The distance between the waiting area and the children.", "E": "The total value of damaged books.", "F": "The number of staff already dismissed." }, "correct_options": [ "A", "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "task" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S09-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "sentence_completion", "instruction": "Complete the sentence.", "stem": "For transport savings to improve book recommendations, the library must _____.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S09-P3", "target": "G-S09-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S09-P3", "quote": "freed time must actually be allocated to that work" } ], "primary_skill": "completion", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "automatically dismiss employees", "explanation_en": "Grammatically fits but contradicts the retained staffing plan.", "trap_id": 15, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "assign the time saved to recommending books" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "plan to use freed staff time for recommendations" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "assign the time saved to recommending books" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject an automatic improvement without allocation.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 15 ], "training_families_present": [ "completion" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S09-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What is the central point of the article?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S09-P1", "quote": "how well those tasks fit together" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S09-P2", "quote": "limited adaptation useful" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S09-P3", "quote": "remaining responsibilities should be organized" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "Delays elsewhere can cancel savings.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The proposal explicitly keeps staff roles.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Recommendations are one potential use of time.", "primary_trap_id": 11, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "A robot's usefulness depends on task boundaries and the organization of human work around it.", "B": "The fastest cart journey always gives the greatest saving.", "C": "Robots should replace all library employees.", "D": "Libraries should focus only on recommending books." }, "correct_options": [ "A" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 11 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S10", "level": "G", "order": 10, "title": "A Town's Dark-Sky Plan", "text_type": "fictional competing uses of public lighting", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S10-P1", "number": 1, "text": "For the fictional town of Hillmere, darkness is both an attraction and a source of concern. Visitors come to observe the night sky from a nearby hill, but residents also want clearly lit walking routes. A proposed lighting plan would direct streetlights downward and reduce their brightness late at night where activity is low. The aim is to limit light spreading into the sky while keeping useful light on the ground. Supporters do not argue that the town should become completely dark. Their proposal distinguishes between illuminating a route and illuminating everything around it. That distinction makes the debate more complicated than a simple choice between light and darkness, because different locations serve different purposes at different hours. The planner asks that future reports identify the hour as well as the street. A route used comfortably at one time may serve different people later. This detail would prevent a favorable observation from being applied without qualification to the whole night, while still allowing residents to describe what they experienced." }, { "id": "G-S10-P2", "number": 2, "text": "The town tests the plan on two streets. On the first, the lights become dimmer at midnight; on the second, brightness remains unchanged because a late bus arrives there. Residents report that the hill looks darker, but these reports do not establish whether every walking route is adequately lit. The planner asks people to identify particular places where reading a sign or recognizing an obstacle becomes difficult. Such details are more useful for adjusting the system than a general statement that the new lights feel strange. Some residents prefer the old brightness even where they report no difficulty. The planner records that preference separately from reports about visibility. Neither kind of response is ignored, but they provide different kinds of evidence for a decision." }, { "id": "G-S10-P3", "number": 3, "text": "A cafe owner fears that reduced lighting will suggest her business is closed. She requests brighter lights until the last customer has left. The planner proposes keeping the cafe entrance lit while reducing light directed beyond it, subject to a further test. An astronomy club welcomes the proposal but would prefer a later bus stop to be moved away from the hill. Transport officials refuse to assume that a better view of the sky justifies making the bus less convenient." }, { "id": "G-S10-P4", "number": 4, "text": "The town has not adopted a final plan. It will compare observations from the hill with reports from people using the streets before deciding which changes to retain. Success would mean a workable balance among uses, rather than the darkest possible town or the greatest possible brightness. The proposal may reduce one conflict, but it cannot eliminate every disagreement about how shared spaces should function after dark." } ], "word_count": 440, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S10-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph I.", "stem": "Which TWO aims or methods belong to the proposed plan?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S10-P1", "target": "G-S10-P1", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S10-P1", "quote": "direct streetlights downward and reduce their brightness late at night where activity is low" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "That later request has not been accepted.", "primary_trap_id": 13, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Disagreement remains.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Useful ground lighting is retained.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "F": { "explanation_en": "The plan is selective and reduces some lighting.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Moving the bus stop immediately.", "B": "Guaranteeing that no resident objects.", "C": "Removing all walking-route lights.", "D": "Reducing brightness late at night in low-activity areas.", "E": "Directing streetlights toward the ground.", "F": "Increasing every light until sunrise." }, "correct_options": [ "D", "E" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task", "time" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S10-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What distinction does the proposal make?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S10-P1", "target": "G-S10-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S10-P1", "quote": "illuminating a route and illuminating everything around it" } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Limiting and banning change the scope.", "primary_trap_id": 8, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Access is not rejected.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "No safety claim of this kind is made.", "primary_trap_id": 1, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Limiting light means banning light.", "B": "Useful route lighting differs from light spreading beyond the route.", "C": "Visitors need no access to the hill.", "D": "Darkness always improves safety." }, "correct_options": [ "B" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 1, 8 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S10-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why is the second street's brightness unchanged?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S10-P2", "target": "G-S10-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S10-P2", "quote": "a late bus arrives there" } ], "primary_skill": "cause", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "People use it when a late bus arrives." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "The late bus creates a continuing lighting need." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "People use it when a late bus arrives." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject the unchanged lights causing the bus schedule.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "cause" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S10-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What would be most useful for adjusting lighting?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S10-P2", "target": "G-S10-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S10-P2", "quote": "identify particular places where reading a sign or recognizing an obstacle becomes difficult" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "That repeats the topic instead of supplying useful details.", "primary_trap_id": 3, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "This request is in paragraph III, outside the target paragraph II.", "primary_trap_id": 12, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Emotional appreciation does not identify a lighting difficulty.", "primary_trap_id": 5, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "The statement that lighting is the subject of the plan.", "B": "The cafe owner requests brighter lights until her last customer leaves.", "C": "A recommendation to admire the beautiful stars.", "D": "Reports naming specific places with visibility difficulties." }, "correct_options": [ "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 3, 5, 12 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S10-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "How does the planner respond to the cafe owner?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S10-P3", "target": "G-S10-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S10-P3", "quote": "keeping the cafe entrance lit while reducing light directed beyond it" } ], "primary_skill": "detail", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "She proposes lighting the entrance while limiting light beyond it." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "Retain entrance lighting and test reduced spill beyond it." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "She proposes lighting the entrance while limiting light beyond it." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a guaranteed outcome: the proposal is subject to testing.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "evidence" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S10-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "sentence_completion", "instruction": "Complete the sentence.", "stem": "Before retaining changes, the town will _____.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S10-P4", "target": "G-S10-P4", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S10-P4", "quote": "compare observations from the hill with reports from people using the streets" } ], "primary_skill": "time", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 4 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "declare that all changes have worked", "explanation_en": "The decision is still pending comparison.", "trap_id": 13, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "compare sky observations with reports from street users" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "consider both hill observations and street-use reports" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "compare sky observations with reports from street users" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a final plan already adopted.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S10-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Which statement best expresses the main idea?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S10-P1", "quote": "different locations serve different purposes" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S10-P2", "quote": "different kinds of evidence" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S10-P4", "quote": "a workable balance among uses" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "She raises one concern; proof about every change is absent.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Bus and street use are also considered.", "primary_trap_id": 6, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Success is a workable balance.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "The cafe owner has proved every change is harmful.", "B": "Observing stars is the town's only legitimate activity.", "C": "Lighting decisions require balancing different uses with evidence from the places affected.", "D": "The darkest town must always be the most successful." }, "correct_options": [ "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 2, 6, 7 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S11", "level": "G", "order": 11, "title": "A Refillable Package Standard", "text_type": "fictional coordination and incentives", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S11-P1", "number": 1, "text": "A refillable jar is useful only if it can be filled again. In a fictional district called Eastbridge, several small food shops consider adopting jars of the same shape and size. Customers could return a jar to any participating shop rather than locate the shop where they bought it. The proposal would not make the food inside identical, nor would it combine the businesses. It would standardize one part of their packaging so that collecting and washing empty jars could be organized together. The attraction lies in coordination. A jar that works perfectly within one shop's system may cause difficulties when it arrives at another, especially if the receiving shop has nowhere to store or clean it. The organizer also distinguishes the number of businesses agreeing in principle from the number ready to handle returns on the starting date. A shared plan can sound attractive before practical arrangements are in place. The trial needs participants who can perform their agreed role, rather than simply endorse the general idea." }, { "id": "G-S11-P2", "number": 2, "text": "Each business has reasons to hesitate. One has already bought a large supply of its own jars; another uses a distinctive shape as part of its identity. Changing immediately would impose costs that are unevenly distributed. A shared washing service might eventually reduce the work each shop does, but that potential saving would depend on enough shops joining. This creates a difficulty: a business may wait for others to commit before it is willing to commit itself. The organizer proposes a small first group with a fixed starting date and an agreed division of washing costs. She does not interpret hesitation as proof that shop owners oppose reuse. Their objection may concern the transition or the risk of paying for a system that too few others support." }, { "id": "G-S11-P3", "number": 3, "text": "Customers raise a different question: what happens if a shop withdraws? The draft agreement requires departing members to accept returns for a limited period, giving customers time to bring back jars already purchased. It also states that the shared jar may carry removable labels so that businesses can still display their own names. These arrangements are meant to clarify responsibilities, not eliminate every inconvenience. A customer who values convenience might still prefer disposable packaging, and a shop might find that its return rate remains low." }, { "id": "G-S11-P4", "number": 4, "text": "The first group's review will therefore compare the number of jars circulating with the work and costs of collecting them. It will not count every sale in a refillable jar as proof of repeated reuse. The proposal suggests that reducing waste through shared packaging involves agreements and habits as well as an object that can technically be used again." } ], "word_count": 439, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S11-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "What would a shared jar format enable customers to do?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S11-P1", "target": "G-S11-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S11-P1", "quote": "return a jar to any participating shop" } ], "primary_skill": "detail", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "return jars to any shop in the shared system" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "bring an empty jar to a different participating business" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "return jars to any shop in the shared system" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject any shop worldwide or identical food.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "evidence" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S11-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why does the organizer emphasize coordination?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S11-P1", "target": "G-S11-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S11-P1", "quote": "collecting and washing empty jars could be organized together" } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "Attractive wording is not the operational reason.", "primary_trap_id": 5, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The shops remain separate.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Contents are not standardized.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "A common format makes joint collection and washing possible.", "B": "The proposal makes jars beautiful symbols of unity.", "C": "All businesses would become one company.", "D": "Identical jars guarantee identical food quality." }, "correct_options": [ "A" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 2, 5 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S11-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What might hesitation indicate?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S11-P2", "target": "G-S11-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S11-P2", "quote": "Their objection may concern the transition or the risk" } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "Savings are potential and conditional.", "primary_trap_id": 13, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "May concern a risk does not mean certain opposition.", "primary_trap_id": 8, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Costs are uneven.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Concern about transition costs or too little participation.", "B": "The shared service has already removed all costs.", "C": "Hesitation proves hostility to any reuse.", "D": "Every shop faces exactly the same transition costs." }, "correct_options": [ "A" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 8, 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S11-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why might one shop wait for others to commit?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S11-P2", "target": "G-S11-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S11-P2", "quote": "potential saving would depend on enough shops joining" } ], "primary_skill": "cause", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "The benefits may require enough participants to make the shared service viable." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "It may fear paying for a system with too few users." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "The benefits may require enough participants to make the shared service viable." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject joining because all costs have already disappeared.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "cause" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S11-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph III.", "stem": "Which TWO provisions are in the draft agreement?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S11-P3", "target": "G-S11-P3", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S11-P3", "quote": "departing members to accept returns for a limited period" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S11-P3", "quote": "the shared jar may carry removable labels" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "The period is limited.", "primary_trap_id": 6, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The starting date is in a different paragraph.", "primary_trap_id": 12, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Sales do not prove repeated reuse.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "E": { "explanation_en": "Removable labels preserve identity.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Businesses may put their names on removable labels.", "B": "A withdrawing shop must accept returns forever.", "C": "The initial group has a fixed starting date.", "D": "Every sale must result in a second use.", "E": "Businesses must stop using their own names.", "F": "A withdrawing shop must temporarily continue accepting returns." }, "correct_options": [ "A", "F" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 6, 7, 12 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S11-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why is a sale in a refillable jar insufficient evidence of success?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S11-P4", "target": "G-S11-P4", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S11-P4", "quote": "not count every sale in a refillable jar as proof of repeated reuse" } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 4 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "The jar may be sold without ever being returned and reused." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "Technical reusability does not establish actual reuse." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "The jar may be sold without ever being returned and reused." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a claim that no jars can be reused.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "evidence" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S11-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Which is the best title for the whole article?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S11-P1", "quote": "The attraction lies in coordination" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S11-P2", "quote": "enough shops joining" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S11-P4", "quote": "agreements and habits" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Food is not standardized.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "The text concerns a shared system, not a washing procedure.", "primary_trap_id": 10, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "No guarantee or zero-waste result is claimed.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Why Every Shop Must Sell the Same Food", "B": "How to Wash One Jar at Home", "C": "Beyond the Jar: Organizing a Shared Refill System", "D": "The Shape That Guarantees Zero Waste" }, "correct_options": [ "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S12", "level": "G", "order": 12, "title": "Rating a Volunteer Service", "text_type": "fictional measurement of different outcomes", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S12-P1", "number": 1, "text": "A long queue outside a service can mean that it is popular, that it is slow, or that people have few alternatives. In a fictional volunteer advice center, managers are therefore cautious about treating the queue as a measure of success. The center helps residents locate public services and understand which office handles a request. Volunteers do not decide applications themselves. Managers want to know whether visitors leave with a usable next step, but the existing survey asks only whether they enjoyed the visit. A friendly encounter matters, yet a person can enjoy a conversation and still be unsure what to do next. The managers propose adding a question about whether the visitor understands the next action required. The managers want to preserve a place for comments about courtesy while making its role clear. A disappointing conversation may identify a real problem even when a referral is correct. The revised approach is intended to distinguish aspects of help, rather than declare that one of them is the only important outcome. Both aspects deserve attention." }, { "id": "G-S12-P2", "number": 2, "text": "Two volunteers interpret the proposed change differently. Lina fears that brief, demanding cases will receive lower ratings than pleasant conversations, even if the advice is accurate. Omar worries that the old survey encourages them to spend time reassuring visitors instead of identifying the right office. Both want to be helpful, but they notice different risks in using a single number. The manager agrees that a rating should not replace an account of what happened. She proposes anonymous summaries of common unresolved problems, without names or individual written answers. These summaries would show where information is missing or where a referral is difficult. They would not establish which volunteer is the kindest person or create a competition among volunteers." }, { "id": "G-S12-P3", "number": 3, "text": "A trial of the revised survey produces fewer top ratings but more reports that visitors know which office to contact. The manager warns against concluding that the center has suddenly become worse simply because scores fell. The questions have changed, so old and new ratings are not directly comparable. Nor do the new answers establish that an application was ultimately successful; the center does not make that decision." }, { "id": "G-S12-P4", "number": 4, "text": "Before extending the survey, the team will check whether visitors understand the new question and can answer it without disclosing private information. The intended result is a clearer view of the service's contribution and its limits. A helpful measure should guide improvements in the work, rather than encourage the appearance of success at the expense of the people the center exists to help." } ], "word_count": 423, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S12-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What does a long queue establish by itself?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S12-P1", "target": "G-S12-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S12-P1", "quote": "popular, that it is slow, or that people have few alternatives" } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "A queue alone does not establish quality.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Length does not establish enjoyment.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Their role is guidance.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "The center is definitely the best in town.", "B": "That several different explanations remain possible.", "C": "Every visitor enjoyed the service.", "D": "The volunteers decide all public applications." }, "correct_options": [ "B" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 2, 7 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S12-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "What would the additional survey question assess?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S12-P1", "target": "G-S12-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S12-P1", "quote": "whether the visitor understands the next action required" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "How friendly the volunteers seemed.", "explanation_en": "That repeats the old focus rather than the additional question.", "trap_id": 10, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "Whether a visitor understands a usable next step." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "Whether visitors know what action to take next." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "Whether a visitor understands a usable next step." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject enjoyment alone or final application success.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 10 ], "training_families_present": [ "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S12-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "What do Lina and Omar have in common despite their different concerns?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S12-P2", "target": "G-S12-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S12-P2", "quote": "Both want to be helpful" } ], "primary_skill": "detail", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "They both want to help visitors." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "Both value helping people." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "They both want to help visitors." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject identical opinions about the survey.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "evidence" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S12-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph II.", "stem": "Which TWO purposes are assigned to the proposed summaries?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S12-P2", "target": "G-S12-P2", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S12-P2", "quote": "where information is missing or where a referral is difficult" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The summaries explicitly do not do this.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "The manager rejects replacement.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "E": { "explanation_en": "The center does not decide them.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "F": { "explanation_en": "The summaries exclude names.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Ranking volunteers by kindness.", "B": "Identifying gaps in information.", "C": "Identifying difficulties in referring visitors.", "D": "Replacing every account with a single number.", "E": "Proving that applications have been approved.", "F": "Storing visitors' names." }, "correct_options": [ "B", "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 2, 7 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S12-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why should lower ratings be interpreted cautiously?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S12-P3", "target": "G-S12-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S12-P3", "quote": "old and new ratings are not directly comparable" } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "No final application outcomes are established.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Changed questions prevent that automatic conclusion.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Anonymous responses are retained.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "The center caused every application to fail.", "B": "A lower score always means worse service.", "C": "The manager stopped allowing anonymous responses.", "D": "The new survey measures something different." }, "correct_options": [ "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S12-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "sentence_completion", "instruction": "Complete the sentence.", "stem": "Before extending the survey, the team will check _____.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S12-P4", "target": "G-S12-P4", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S12-P4", "quote": "understand the new question and can answer it without disclosing private information" } ], "primary_skill": "time", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 4 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "whether every application was accepted", "explanation_en": "This is outside the center's role and is not the planned check.", "trap_id": 14, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "whether visitors understand the question and can answer without revealing private information" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "the question's clarity and whether answering protects privacy" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "whether visitors understand the question and can answer without revealing private information" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Require both clarity and privacy; reject a check already completed.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 14 ], "training_families_present": [ "completion", "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S12-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What is the writer's main purpose?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S12-P1", "quote": "a usable next step" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S12-P2", "quote": "a single number" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S12-P4", "quote": "contribution and its limits" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "The discussion is about evaluating the service.", "primary_trap_id": 11, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The text rejects that ranking.", "primary_trap_id": 10, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "The opening gives alternative explanations.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "To show how evaluating a service requires measures that match its role and limitations.", "B": "To describe one visitor's application.", "C": "To identify the friendliest volunteer.", "D": "To prove that popularity always measures usefulness." }, "correct_options": [ "A" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 10, 11 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S13", "level": "G", "order": 13, "title": "A Virtual Field Trip", "text_type": "fictional access and omitted experience", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S13-P1", "number": 1, "text": "In a fictional geography course, a teacher offers two ways to explore a river valley. One group travels to the valley; another uses an interactive digital model in class. The model lets students move between locations, compare seasonal images, and revisit a viewpoint as often as they wish. It also allows students who cannot join a trip to examine the same general landscape. The teacher does not describe the model as a full substitute for being there. A field visit includes sounds, changes in weather, and decisions about moving across uneven ground. The model selects some aspects of the place and leaves others out. That selection may support a lesson well, provided students understand what kind of experience they are receiving. The teacher also asks students to identify a question for which their own method offers little evidence. This is not treated as an admission that the lesson has failed. Recognizing a limit can help a student decide what further observation is needed and which conclusion should remain tentative until then." }, { "id": "G-S13-P2", "number": 2, "text": "For the first activity, both groups investigate where people have built paths beside the river. Students using the model can compare several routes quickly. Students in the valley need more time to reach each viewpoint, but may notice obstacles that are hard to recognize in the images. The teacher assigns both groups the same question while allowing different kinds of evidence. She asks them to record how they reached a conclusion, not merely which route they selected. When the groups later compare answers, a difference is not automatically treated as proof that one group was careless. It may reflect a feature visible in one setting but not the other. The discussion is intended to reveal how available evidence shapes a judgment." }, { "id": "G-S13-P3", "number": 3, "text": "The digital group then asks to add notes identifying places where the images are uncertain or outdated. The field group contributes observations from its visit, but the teacher warns that these also describe only one day. A wet path seen during the trip should not be assumed to remain wet all year. The combined record therefore includes dates and an explanation of each observation's limits. Some students prefer the model because they can return to a viewpoint immediately; others value the effort and unpredictability of reaching it themselves. The teacher sees no need to make one preference compulsory. Her next lesson will ask which method is more suitable for a particular question and why. The aim is to use each experience deliberately, rather than judge educational value solely by how closely a screen resembles the landscape or how far a group traveled to see it." } ], "word_count": 437, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S13-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph I.", "stem": "Which TWO features of the model are described?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S13-P1", "target": "G-S13-P1", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S13-P1", "quote": "compare seasonal images, and revisit a viewpoint as often as they wish" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The model selects aspects.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "A model does not change the valley.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "That belongs to a field visit.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "F": { "explanation_en": "The later shared record is in a later paragraph.", "primary_trap_id": 12, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Representing all aspects of being there.", "B": "Removing every obstacle from the actual valley.", "C": "Feeling changing weather directly.", "D": "Comparing images from different seasons.", "E": "Returning repeatedly to a viewpoint.", "F": "Recording the visiting group's wet path." }, "correct_options": [ "D", "E" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 12 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S13-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why is the model not a full substitute for visiting?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S13-P1", "target": "G-S13-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S13-P1", "quote": "selects some aspects of the place and leaves others out" } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "It omits aspects of direct experience such as weather, sound or movement over the ground." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "It cannot provide every part of being in the valley." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "It omits aspects of direct experience such as weather, sound or movement over the ground." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Accept an explained omission; reject it has no educational value.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S13-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why does the teacher ask how a conclusion was reached?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S13-P2", "target": "G-S13-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S13-P2", "quote": "how available evidence shapes a judgment" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "This is a different task.", "primary_trap_id": 10, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Emotional praise is unrelated to the evidence goal.", "primary_trap_id": 5, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Identical answers are not required.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "To suggest a cheaper school bus.", "B": "To make the relationship between evidence and judgment visible.", "C": "To praise the brave travelers.", "D": "To ensure everyone picks the identical route." }, "correct_options": [ "B" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 5, 10 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S13-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "How may the visiting group's evidence differ from the model group's?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S13-P2", "target": "G-S13-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S13-P2", "quote": "notice obstacles that are hard to recognize in the images" } ], "primary_skill": "detail", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "They may notice physical obstacles that the images do not clearly show." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "Being there can reveal obstacles difficult to identify on screen." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "They may notice physical obstacles that the images do not clearly show." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a claim that the visiting group can compare every season directly.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "evidence" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S13-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What does the word 'these' refer to in the teacher's warning?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S13-P3", "target": "G-S13-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S13-P3", "quote": "these also describe only one day" } ], "primary_skill": "reference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "These refers to the visit observations.", "primary_trap_id": 9, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "The warning concerns direct observations.", "primary_trap_id": 9, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Those questions are introduced later.", "primary_trap_id": 9, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "All possible seasons in the valley.", "B": "The model's viewpoint controls.", "C": "Observations contributed by the field group.", "D": "The next lesson's questions." }, "correct_options": [ "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 9 ], "training_families_present": [ "reference" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S13-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "sentence_completion", "instruction": "Complete the sentence.", "stem": "A wet path during the trip does not establish _____.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S13-P3", "target": "G-S13-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S13-P3", "quote": "remain wet all year" } ], "primary_skill": "completion", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "that all students dislike walking", "explanation_en": "A plausible attitude is not the temporal limit discussed.", "trap_id": 14, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "that the path is wet throughout the year" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "that the same condition occurs in every season" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "that the path is wet throughout the year" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject no path exists or the trip never happened.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 14 ], "training_families_present": [ "completion" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S13-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Which statement best summarizes the whole article?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S13-P1", "quote": "provided students understand" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S13-P2", "quote": "available evidence" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S13-P3", "quote": "more suitable for a particular question" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Distance alone is rejected as a measure.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Both experiences are valued.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Selection and omissions are central.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "The longest journey necessarily produces the best lesson.", "B": "Virtual trips should always replace physical trips.", "C": "A digital image is a complete account of a landscape.", "D": "Different learning experiences can be useful when their evidence and limits are matched to the question." }, "correct_options": [ "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 2, 7 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S14", "level": "G", "order": 14, "title": "A Temporary Street Closure", "text_type": "fictional causal interpretation of a trial", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S14-P1", "number": 1, "text": "When a street changes, the people using it may change too. In a fictional town, Brook Lane closes to cars on four Saturday afternoons. The council wants to learn whether the space could support walking, outdoor seating, and deliveries at agreed times. It does not yet propose a permanent ban. Shopkeepers have different expectations: a cafe hopes people will stay longer, while a furniture seller worries that customers will find collection difficult. The trial is meant to make those concerns observable. Comparing sales before and during the closure seems simple, but the council's analyst warns that a difference in sales could have several causes. Weather, events, and the kinds of customers visiting may also change from one Saturday to another. The analyst asks the report to separate a temporary inconvenience from a continuing one. Customers may learn new collection arrangements after an initial misunderstanding, whereas an inaccessible loading point could remain a problem. Distinguishing those possibilities requires observation across the trial; neither can be settled by the first afternoon alone." }, { "id": "G-S14-P2", "number": 2, "text": "The first closed afternoon coincides with a food festival, and the cafe reports a large increase in sales. Its owner describes this as proof that closing the street improves business. The furniture seller reports fewer collections and reaches the opposite conclusion. The analyst accepts both reports as descriptions of those businesses that afternoon, but not as a complete account of the closure's effects. The festival may have brought extra cafe customers independently of the traffic restriction. Meanwhile, furniture customers had not received advance notice of the changed collection arrangements. The council adds clearer notices for the remaining Saturdays and records whether an event takes place. These adjustments do not remove every difference between days, but they help explain the conditions under which each result occurs." }, { "id": "G-S14-P3", "number": 3, "text": "After four afternoons, the council has a mixed record. Pedestrians report enjoying the additional space, while some delivery workers say the agreed collection period is too short. The cafe's sales remain higher on festival days but vary on ordinary days. Rather than announce a universal gain or loss, the analyst separates the different activities and the conditions that affect them. A proposed next trial would retain access for deliveries during a longer morning period and test afternoons without a festival." }, { "id": "G-S14-P4", "number": 4, "text": "Some supporters dislike another delay, arguing that the street already feels better. Others welcome the caution because a permanent change would affect people who rarely attend public events. The council has not resolved the disagreement. It has, however, moved from asking whether closure is good in general to asking for whom, under what arrangements, and with what consequences it might work." } ], "word_count": 436, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S14-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What is the status of the street closure?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S14-P1", "target": "G-S14-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S14-P1", "quote": "does not yet propose a permanent ban" } ], "primary_skill": "time", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Agreed delivery times are part of the trial.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Four Saturday afternoons are specified.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "The text states the opposite.", "primary_trap_id": 13, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "It has already ended all deliveries.", "B": "It occurs every day of the year.", "C": "It is a limited trial, with no permanent ban yet proposed.", "D": "It is a permanent rule already adopted." }, "correct_options": [ "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S14-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why might comparing sales alone be insufficient?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S14-P1", "target": "G-S14-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S14-P1", "quote": "a difference in sales could have several causes" } ], "primary_skill": "cause", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "Factors other than the closure may influence sales." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "Weather, events or changing customers may also affect sales." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "Factors other than the closure may influence sales." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Accept one external factor linked to sales; reject treating sequence as proof of causation.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "cause" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S14-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph II.", "stem": "Which TWO conditions may explain the businesses' different results?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S14-P2", "target": "G-S14-P2", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S14-P2", "quote": "festival may have brought extra cafe customers" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S14-P2", "quote": "had not received advance notice of the changed collection arrangements" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "No such ban is stated.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The report follows the closure.", "primary_trap_id": 4, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "E": { "explanation_en": "One report is not proof about all shops.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "F": { "explanation_en": "The workers' concern appears in paragraph III, outside the target paragraph II.", "primary_trap_id": 12, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "The festival may have increased cafe demand.", "B": "All deliveries were legally prohibited for a year.", "C": "The furniture report caused the original closure.", "D": "Furniture customers lacked advance collection information.", "E": "The closure proves every shop will gain.", "F": "Some delivery workers think the collection period is too short." }, "correct_options": [ "A", "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 4, 7, 12 ], "training_families_present": [ "cause", "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S14-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why were clearer notices added for later Saturdays?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S14-P2", "target": "G-S14-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S14-P2", "quote": "had not received advance notice of the changed collection arrangements" } ], "primary_skill": "cause", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "To make customers aware of changed collection arrangements beforehand." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "To prevent confusion about how to collect furniture." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "To make customers aware of changed collection arrangements beforehand." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject an assertion that notices alone eliminate every day-to-day difference.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "cause" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S14-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "What would the proposed next trial change? Give ONE answer.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S14-P3", "target": "G-S14-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S14-P3", "quote": "a longer morning period and test afternoons without a festival" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S14-P3", "quote": "test afternoons without a festival" } ], "primary_skill": "detail", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "It would allow a longer morning delivery period." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "It would test afternoons without a festival." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "It would allow a longer morning delivery period." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Accept either distinct proposal; reject a permanent closure already approved.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true, "acceptable_meaning_groups": [ [ "Allow a longer morning delivery period." ], [ "Test afternoons without a festival." ] ], "select_any_distinct_groups": 1, "required_meanings_are_sample_key": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "evidence" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S14-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why do some residents welcome further caution?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S14-P4", "target": "G-S14-P4", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S14-P4", "quote": "affect people who rarely attend public events" } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 4 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "Enjoyment is reported.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Further testing is not an endless requirement.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "This answers an unrelated task.", "primary_trap_id": 10, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "A permanent change would affect users beyond event visitors.", "B": "They assume no pedestrian enjoyed the space.", "C": "They believe every trial must last forever.", "D": "They want to explain how the cafe cooks food." }, "correct_options": [ "A" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 10 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S14-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Which title best fits the whole article?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S14-P1", "quote": "several causes" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S14-P2", "quote": "conditions under which each result occurs" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S14-P4", "quote": "for whom, under what arrangements" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The text rejects universal conclusions.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Reports are accepted with limits.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Collection is one issue within the broader trial.", "primary_trap_id": 11, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "A Festival That Proved Every Business Successful", "B": "Why Sales Never Provide Useful Information", "C": "How to Collect a New Sofa", "D": "Closing a Street: Interpreting Results before Deciding" }, "correct_options": [ "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 11 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S15", "level": "G", "order": 15, "title": "Keeping Old Software Running", "text_type": "fictional maintenance and compatibility debate", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S15-P1", "number": 1, "text": "In a fictional community archive, replacing an old computer program would not simply mean installing a newer one. The archive holds years of catalog entries created in a format the new program cannot read directly. Staff must decide whether to convert those records, maintain the old program, or use both temporarily. A newer program offers easier searching, but that advantage matters only if the records can be transferred without losing their meaning. Some entries use special notes to explain uncertain dates. If those notes disappear, a search may become faster while its results become less reliable. The archive's director therefore treats preservation of information as a separate goal from improving the speed or appearance of the service. Staff also want a clear way to report an entry that appears wrong after transfer. The director proposes retaining links to original records during the transition. This would help a reader's question lead to a specific comparison, rather than require someone to search the whole archive to discover what changed." }, { "id": "G-S15-P2", "number": 2, "text": "One staff member proposes keeping the old program indefinitely because it already displays the records correctly. Another points out that fewer technicians now know how to repair it. Familiarity for present users does not ensure future support. On the other hand, an immediate conversion might overlook differences between the two formats. The director suggests a staged test: transfer a small collection, compare each converted entry with its original, and record any changes in meaning. During that test, the old system would remain available. This approach could reveal problems before they affect the entire archive, although it would require staff time that could otherwise be spent describing new material. Maintaining continuity has costs as well as benefits." }, { "id": "G-S15-P3", "number": 3, "text": "The test reveals that the new program places uncertain dates in a field normally used for confirmed dates. Nothing has vanished, but the relationship between a number and its explanation has changed. The team adds an explicit uncertainty marker and checks the altered entries again. It does not conclude that every remaining collection will transfer correctly. Different records may contain features not present in the first sample. The director asks for a list of such features before expanding the conversion. Meanwhile, she tells readers which system they are using and what has been checked. The archive's aim is neither to preserve an old program merely because it is old nor to replace it merely because something newer exists. It is to keep information usable and interpretable while changing the tools that provide access to it. The next decision will depend on whether that aim can be met at a manageable cost." } ], "word_count": 434, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S15-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why might faster searching become less reliable?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S15-P1", "target": "G-S15-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S15-P1", "quote": "If those notes disappear" } ], "primary_skill": "cause", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "If notes explaining uncertain dates are lost, the results may imply greater certainty than warranted." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "Losing uncertainty notes changes the meaning of dates." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "If notes explaining uncertain dates are lost, the results may imply greater certainty than warranted." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject faster searching itself proving dates false.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "cause" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S15-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What does the director distinguish from speed and appearance?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S15-P1", "target": "G-S15-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S15-P1", "quote": "preservation of information as a separate goal" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The aim is to preserve, not invent.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Appearance is distinguished from preservation.", "primary_trap_id": 5, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "This gives no separate goal.", "primary_trap_id": 3, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Inventing new historical dates.", "B": "Preserving the meaning of archived information.", "C": "Selecting the prettiest screen.", "D": "The general topic of computer programs." }, "correct_options": [ "B" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 3, 5 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S15-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why may keeping the old program indefinitely be risky?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S15-P2", "target": "G-S15-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S15-P2", "quote": "fewer technicians now know how to repair it" } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The old program displays records correctly.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Present familiarity does not ensure future support.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "The old system remains during testing.", "primary_trap_id": 13, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Every current record is unreadable.", "B": "Familiarity guarantees permanent support.", "C": "Future technical support may be difficult to obtain.", "D": "The new program has already replaced it completely." }, "correct_options": [ "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 2, 7, 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision", "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S15-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph II.", "stem": "Which TWO steps are included in the staged test?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S15-P2", "target": "G-S15-P2", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S15-P2", "quote": "compare each converted entry with its original, and record any changes in meaning" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "A time cost is not a permanent stop.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "That later response is in a later paragraph.", "primary_trap_id": 12, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "E": { "explanation_en": "The first transfer is small.", "primary_trap_id": 6, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "F": { "explanation_en": "It remains available.", "primary_trap_id": 13, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Stop describing new material permanently.", "B": "Compare converted entries with originals.", "C": "Record changes in meaning.", "D": "Add the uncertainty marker already found necessary.", "E": "Convert the whole archive immediately.", "F": "Discard the old program before testing." }, "correct_options": [ "B", "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 6, 7, 12, 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task", "time" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S15-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why was an uncertainty marker added?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S15-P3", "target": "G-S15-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S15-P3", "quote": "a field normally used for confirmed dates" } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "To prevent uncertain dates from appearing to be confirmed." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "To preserve the dates' uncertain status in the new display." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "To prevent uncertain dates from appearing to be confirmed." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject restoring a vanished date: nothing vanished.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S15-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why does success with the sample not establish success with every collection?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S15-P3", "target": "G-S15-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S15-P3", "quote": "features not present in the first sample" } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "Every remaining record is identical to the sample.", "explanation_en": "The possibility of different features is explicit.", "trap_id": 7, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "Other collections may contain different features that have not been tested." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "The sample may not include all kinds of records." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "Other collections may contain different features that have not been tested." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject the sample proving the whole conversion has failed.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S15-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Which summary best fits the whole article?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S15-P1", "quote": "without losing their meaning" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S15-P2", "quote": "staged test" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S15-P3", "quote": "usable and interpretable" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "Age alone is not the criterion.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "It is an example within a wider continuity problem.", "primary_trap_id": 11, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Conversion may change meaning.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Changing software requires preserving information's meaning as well as improving access.", "B": "Old software must always be kept unchanged.", "C": "A date field is the only concern in software maintenance.", "D": "Newer tools guarantee accurate archives." }, "correct_options": [ "A" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 11 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S16", "level": "G", "order": 16, "title": "A Citizen Weather Network", "text_type": "fictional uneven observations and uncertainty", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S16-P1", "number": 1, "text": "A blank space on a weather map can mean that nobody measured the conditions there. In a fictional citizen network, residents place small rain gauges outside their homes and send totals to a community map. The project could provide observations from locations far from the town's official station. Its coordinator is interested in differences across neighborhoods, not in replacing every professional forecast. Before inviting more participants, she explains that a volunteer measurement is useful only if its location and collection method are understood. A gauge beneath a roof may receive less rain than one in an open yard. More reports would increase the amount of information, but without basic checks they could also increase the number of misleading comparisons. The coordinator encourages participants to include an explanation when a measurement period is uncertain. A report need not disappear merely because it is imperfect, but uncertainty must travel with the number. Readers could then decide whether the observation is suitable for a particular comparison instead of silently treating all totals alike." }, { "id": "G-S16-P2", "number": 2, "text": "The first month's map contains many entries from central neighborhoods and few from the outskirts. A reader concludes that it hardly rained outside the center. The coordinator points out that sparse reporting does not support that conclusion. Missing observations should be shown as missing, not displayed as zero rainfall. She invites volunteers from the outskirts and provides instructions for placing gauges away from overhanging surfaces. Participants also report the period covered by a measurement. A total collected over two days cannot be compared directly with a one-day total. These steps may improve interpretation, but they do not remove every source of uncertainty. For example, a volunteer who forgets to empty a gauge may not know precisely which day's rain it contains." }, { "id": "G-S16-P3", "number": 3, "text": "The network later produces a map that marks both rainfall totals and gaps in coverage. Some residents dislike the gaps because they make the project look incomplete. The coordinator argues that an honest incomplete map is more informative than a smooth one built on assumptions. A garden club uses the observations to discuss local watering needs, while an event organizer asks whether the map can guarantee dry weather next Saturday. The coordinator declines to make that promise: descriptions of recent rainfall are not predictions of a future afternoon. The project's next goal is to make collecting periods easier to record and explain, rather than issue more confident claims. Its value may lie in revealing local variation and unanswered questions, provided the people reading it can distinguish an observation, a missing observation, and a forecast. Those distinctions determine what decisions the information can reasonably support." } ], "word_count": 435, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S16-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph I.", "stem": "Which TWO things affect how a volunteer measurement should be interpreted?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S16-P1", "target": "G-S16-P1", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S16-P1", "quote": "its location and collection method are understood" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Replacement is not the goal.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Aesthetic appeal is irrelevant to interpretation.", "primary_trap_id": 5, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "This is addressed in a different paragraph.", "primary_trap_id": 12, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Future prediction is not offered.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Whether every forecast should be replaced.", "B": "Whether the home has a beautiful garden.", "C": "Whether empty map spaces display zero.", "D": "Whether next Saturday is guaranteed dry.", "E": "Where the gauge is located.", "F": "How the measurement was collected." }, "correct_options": [ "E", "F" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 5, 7, 12 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S16-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why could more reports still create misleading comparisons?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S16-P1", "target": "G-S16-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S16-P1", "quote": "without basic checks" } ], "primary_skill": "cause", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Reports describe rain; they do not cause it.", "primary_trap_id": 4, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "No closure is stated.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "No deceit is alleged.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "The number of reports directly causes rain.", "B": "The official station has already closed.", "C": "Every volunteer deliberately makes false reports.", "D": "Measurements may be taken under different conditions or methods." }, "correct_options": [ "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 4, 7 ], "training_families_present": [ "cause", "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S16-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why does a blank area not establish little rainfall?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S16-P2", "target": "G-S16-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S16-P2", "quote": "sparse reporting does not support that conclusion" } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "It may reflect few observations rather than little rain." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "Rainfall there is unknown because reporting is sparse." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "It may reflect few observations rather than little rain." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject zero rainfall or proof of drought.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "evidence" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S16-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "sentence_completion", "instruction": "Complete the sentence.", "stem": "For two totals to be compared directly, the reader needs to know _____.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S16-P2", "target": "G-S16-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S16-P2", "quote": "the period covered by a measurement" } ], "primary_skill": "time", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "how much rain will fall tomorrow", "explanation_en": "The task concerns past collecting periods, not future weather.", "trap_id": 13, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "the periods over which the rain was collected" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "whether they cover comparable lengths of time" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "the periods over which the rain was collected" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject only the color of the gauges.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S16-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why does the coordinator prefer visible gaps?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S16-P3", "target": "G-S16-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S16-P3", "quote": "an honest incomplete map is more informative than a smooth one built on assumptions" } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Appearance does not establish completeness of evidence.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "A gap marks missing observations.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "The map can still inform appropriate discussions.", "primary_trap_id": 8, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "A complete-looking map must be an accurate map.", "B": "They distinguish missing evidence from assumed values.", "C": "The gaps identify places where rain never falls.", "D": "Incomplete means entirely useless." }, "correct_options": [ "B" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 2, 7, 8 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S16-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "sentence_completion", "instruction": "Complete the sentence.", "stem": "The coordinator cannot guarantee dry weather next Saturday because _____.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S16-P3", "target": "G-S16-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S16-P3", "quote": "descriptions of recent rainfall are not predictions of a future afternoon" } ], "primary_skill": "completion", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "the map looks incomplete", "explanation_en": "This is grammatical but does not explain the observation-versus-prediction distinction.", "trap_id": 15, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "recent observations do not establish the weather on a future day" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "a record of past rain is not a forecast for next Saturday" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "recent observations do not establish the weather on a future day" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject promising dry weather based on missing values.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 15 ], "training_families_present": [ "completion" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S16-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What is the main purpose of the article?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S16-P1", "quote": "basic checks" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S16-P2", "quote": "shown as missing" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S16-P3", "quote": "an observation, a missing observation, and a forecast" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The text is not a product recommendation.", "primary_trap_id": 10, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Coverage does not establish that distribution.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "The coordinator refuses that guarantee.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "To recommend a particular rain gauge for purchase.", "B": "To explain why community weather information must make its coverage and limits clear.", "C": "To show that only central neighborhoods receive rain.", "D": "To guarantee future weather from volunteer reports." }, "correct_options": [ "B" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 2, 7, 10 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S17", "level": "G", "order": 17, "title": "Renting an Urban Roof Garden", "text_type": "fictional responsibility and shared costs", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S17-P1", "number": 1, "text": "A roof can look like unused space while already carrying important responsibilities. In a fictional housing building, a residents' group proposes renting part of the roof to grow vegetables. The owner agrees to discuss the idea but asks who would pay for access, maintenance, and any necessary protection of the building. The group initially focuses on the advantages: members could garden close to home, and the rent could contribute to building expenses. The owner does not dispute those possibilities. He points out that an attractive use of space does not by itself define an agreement. Before plants arrive, someone must establish which activities are permitted and who must respond if the garden affects the roof beneath it. The owner asks the draft to explain what happens if the group later stops gardening. Containers would still need to be removed and the rented area returned in an agreed condition. Planning for an ending is part of defining responsibility, even when members hope the garden will continue for many years." }, { "id": "G-S17-P2", "number": 2, "text": "A draft divides responsibilities between the parties. The owner would maintain the roof structure; the gardening group would look after containers and paths within its rented area. Watering arrangements would need approval so that runoff does not disturb other residents. A member asks whether paying rent gives the group the right to change the whole roof. The coordinator explains that renting an area grants a defined use, not unrestricted control over the building. The agreement would also specify when members can enter and how repair workers can reach the structure. These conditions may reduce flexibility, but they allow the garden to coexist with other uses. Neither the group's enthusiasm nor the owner's approval removes the need to decide such practical boundaries." }, { "id": "G-S17-P3", "number": 3, "text": "The financial plan creates another debate. Selling vegetables might cover some costs, but the group has no evidence that sales would pay the entire rent. Some members want to keep the garden small and treat it mainly as a shared activity. Others prefer a larger operation that could eventually support itself. Both proposals would require work, and someone must perform that work even in a year with a poor harvest." }, { "id": "G-S17-P4", "number": 4, "text": "The coordinator asks members to agree on a minimum contribution before promising any income to the owner. The plan remains a proposal; no harvest or profit has yet occurred. The next meeting will compare a modest garden funded by members with a larger model dependent partly on sales. Choosing between them will involve expectations about time, responsibility, and financial risk, not simply a prediction about how many vegetables an appealing rooftop image might suggest." } ], "word_count": 433, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S17-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What is the owner's main point?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S17-P1", "target": "G-S17-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S17-P1", "quote": "does not by itself define an agreement" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "No harvest has occurred.", "primary_trap_id": 13, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Emotional imagery does not address responsibilities.", "primary_trap_id": 5, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "He agrees to discuss this proposal.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Benefits do not establish the practical responsibilities of an agreement.", "B": "The roof has already produced a profitable harvest.", "C": "A garden would be a wonderful green paradise.", "D": "Gardening should be forbidden in every building." }, "correct_options": [ "A" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 5, 7, 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision", "task", "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S17-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why must responsibilities be settled before plants arrive?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S17-P1", "target": "G-S17-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S17-P1", "quote": "who must respond if the garden affects the roof beneath it" } ], "primary_skill": "cause", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "So the parties know who will deal with effects on the roof." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "To establish accountability if the garden creates a building problem." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "So the parties know who will deal with effects on the roof." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject knowing only which vegetables look attractive.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "cause" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S17-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "What would the owner maintain, and what would the group maintain?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S17-P2", "target": "G-S17-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S17-P2", "quote": "The owner would maintain the roof structure; the gardening group would look after containers and paths" } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "The owner would maintain the structure; the group would maintain garden containers and paths." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "Building structure belongs to the owner's responsibility, garden containers and paths to the group's." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "The owner would maintain the structure; the group would maintain garden containers and paths." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Require both sides of the division; do not reverse them.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S17-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why does renting not mean unrestricted control?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S17-P2", "target": "G-S17-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S17-P2", "quote": "a defined use, not unrestricted control over the building" } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Permission and ownership differ in meaning and scope.", "primary_trap_id": 8, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Repair access is specifically considered.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Workers must be able to reach the structure.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Permission for a defined use means ownership of the entire building.", "B": "Rent guarantees that no roof repairs are needed.", "C": "The agreement permits specified activities within boundaries.", "D": "The group may prevent all repair workers entering." }, "correct_options": [ "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 2, 7, 8 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S17-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph III.", "stem": "Which TWO claims accurately describe the financial discussion?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S17-P3", "target": "G-S17-P3", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S17-P3", "quote": "no evidence that sales would pay the entire rent" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S17-P3", "quote": "Both proposals would require work" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Self-support is a possibility, not a guarantee.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Paragraph II assigns garden containers to the group, not the owner. This is a reversed responsibility, not a true detail borrowed from another location.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "E": { "explanation_en": "Both require work.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "F": { "explanation_en": "No profit has occurred.", "primary_trap_id": 13, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "A large garden guarantees financial independence.", "B": "The group must provide work even after a poor harvest.", "C": "Sales are not established as covering the whole rent.", "D": "The owner must maintain every container.", "E": "Both proposals require no labor.", "F": "Members have already earned a profit." }, "correct_options": [ "B", "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task", "time" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S17-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "sentence_completion", "instruction": "Complete the sentence.", "stem": "Before promising income to the owner, the coordinator wants members to _____.", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S17-P4", "target": "G-S17-P4", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S17-P4", "quote": "agree on a minimum contribution before promising any income" } ], "primary_skill": "time", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 4 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "promise income before setting a contribution", "explanation_en": "The stated order is reversed.", "trap_id": 13, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "agree on a minimum contribution" ], "acceptable_variants": [ "settle what they will contribute at minimum" ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "agree on a minimum contribution" ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject selling a harvest already produced.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S17-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Which title best fits the whole article?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S17-P1", "quote": "important responsibilities" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S17-P2", "quote": "practical boundaries" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S17-P4", "quote": "financial risk" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "No harvest has yet occurred.", "primary_trap_id": 13, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "The proposal is debated, not universally rejected.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "It is a governance and planning account.", "primary_trap_id": 10, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "The Harvest That Paid Every Expense", "B": "Why All Rooftops Should Remain Empty", "C": "How to Grow One Perfect Vegetable", "D": "A Roof Garden Needs More Than Growing Space" }, "correct_options": [ "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 10, 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task", "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S18", "level": "G", "order": 18, "title": "A Festival's Quiet Hour", "text_type": "fictional designing optional access", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S18-P1", "number": 1, "text": "For some people, a lively festival is attractive precisely because it is noisy and crowded. For others, those conditions make attending difficult. In a fictional arts festival, organizers propose a quiet hour before the main program begins. Music would be reduced, announcements kept brief, and a smaller number of visitors admitted at a time. The organizers want to offer another way to experience the event, rather than redefine what every visitor should enjoy. They recognize that a quieter period cannot remove every possible difficulty. A person may still find the unfamiliar place demanding or be unable to attend early. The proposal is therefore described as one access option, not an answer for everyone who has previously stayed away. The access coordinator asks volunteers to describe the early hour consistently when answering questions. Calling it a silent version of the whole event could create expectations the program cannot meet. A short description of available activities and remaining sounds would be more useful than a promise made simply to encourage attendance." }, { "id": "G-S18-P2", "number": 2, "text": "The first planning meeting reveals that quiet has different meanings for different participants. One wants lower music volume but welcomes spoken guidance; another prefers written directions because announcements are difficult to follow. An artist worries that silence would change a performance built around sound. The organizers separate the main stage program from stalls and visual exhibits. The early hour would offer access to the latter, while the stage performances would retain their usual schedule. This arrangement allows part of the festival to become quieter without claiming that every artwork can be adapted in the same way. A visitor choosing the early period would be told in advance which activities are available. Clear expectations are necessary if the extra option is to be useful rather than disappointing." }, { "id": "G-S18-P3", "number": 3, "text": "A volunteer suggests measuring success by how many visitors attend during the quiet hour. The access coordinator asks for a broader view: a low count might mean the time is inconvenient, while a high count might include people who simply prefer shorter queues. Neither result alone shows whether the intended access need was met. She proposes asking visitors whether they could take part in activities they would otherwise have missed, using optional feedback without personal details. The organizers will also record which difficulties remain. Some supporters want the whole festival made quiet immediately, but the coordinator prefers testing the limited option before recommending wider changes. A successful hour would show that this arrangement helped some people under these conditions. It would not establish that quietness is the best design for every performance or that all excluded visitors can now attend. The plan aims to expand choices while preserving an honest account of the experience offered." } ], "word_count": 450, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S18-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "What is the purpose of the proposed quiet hour?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S18-P1", "target": "G-S18-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S18-P1", "quote": "offer another way to experience the event" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "To add an access option for people who find the usual conditions difficult." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "To offer a less noisy and crowded way to attend." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "To add an access option for people who find the usual conditions difficult." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject requiring every visitor to prefer quiet.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S18-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why is it called one access option?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S18-P1", "target": "G-S18-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S18-P1", "quote": "one access option, not an answer for everyone" } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Option is limited; universal solution changes its scope.", "primary_trap_id": 8, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Some find them attractive.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Convenience is not guaranteed.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "An option means a guaranteed solution for all.", "B": "All visitors dislike music and crowds.", "C": "It may help some visitors but cannot address every barrier.", "D": "A smaller crowd causes every person to attend early." }, "correct_options": [ "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 2, 7, 8 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S18-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph II.", "stem": "Which TWO details describe the planned early hour?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S18-P2", "target": "G-S18-P2", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S18-P2", "quote": "stalls and visual exhibits" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S18-P2", "quote": "told in advance which activities are available" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The stage schedule remains usual.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Measurement is proposed later, not already complete.", "primary_trap_id": 13, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The proposed separation avoids that claim.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "E": { "explanation_en": "Participants have different needs.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "All stage performances would move into the early hour.", "B": "Its value has already been measured by attendance.", "C": "The artist's sound performance would become silent.", "D": "Visitors would receive advance information about available activities.", "E": "Every participant prefers written directions.", "F": "Stalls and visual exhibits would be available." }, "correct_options": [ "D", "F" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task", "time" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S18-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why do organizers separate the stage program from other activities?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S18-P2", "target": "G-S18-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S18-P2", "quote": "without claiming that every artwork can be adapted in the same way" } ], "primary_skill": "cause", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "So they can reduce noise in some activities while retaining sound-based performances." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "To offer quieter access without requiring every artwork to lose its sound." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "So they can reduce noise in some activities while retaining sound-based performances." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject replacing every performance with a visual exhibit.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "cause" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S18-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why might a high attendance count be insufficient?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S18-P3", "target": "G-S18-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S18-P3", "quote": "people who simply prefer shorter queues" } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "This is neither the measurement question nor the theme.", "primary_trap_id": 10, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Feedback assesses difficulties; it does not cause them.", "primary_trap_id": 4, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Attendance does not identify the need met.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "The number of stalls is the whole article's theme.", "B": "The feedback creates the original access difficulties.", "C": "More visitors always prove every barrier has disappeared.", "D": "It may include people attending for reasons unrelated to the intended access need." }, "correct_options": [ "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 4, 7, 10 ], "training_families_present": [ "cause", "evidence", "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S18-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "What feedback would help establish that the option met an access need?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S18-P3", "target": "G-S18-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S18-P3", "quote": "activities they would otherwise have missed" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "Whether visitors participated in activities they otherwise would have missed." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "Whether the early hour enabled previously difficult participation." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "Whether visitors participated in activities they otherwise would have missed." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject general popularity alone or identification of visitors.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S18-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Which statement best summarizes the whole article?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S18-P1", "quote": "another way" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S18-P2", "quote": "Clear expectations" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S18-P3", "quote": "expand choices" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "The plan retains sound-based performances.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Scheduling is one element of access design.", "primary_trap_id": 11, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "They are an alternative attendance motive.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Every successful festival must be completely silent.", "B": "A limited quiet period may expand access when its activities and remaining limits are clearly explained.", "C": "The article is mainly a timetable for stage artists.", "D": "Shorter queues prove all access needs are met." }, "correct_options": [ "B" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 2, 7, 11 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S19", "level": "G", "order": 19, "title": "The Right to Remove an Old Photo", "text_type": "fictional changing consent and archival continuity", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S19-P1", "number": 1, "text": "A photograph may remain unchanged while its meaning for a person changes. In a fictional neighborhood history project, residents donate pictures for an online exhibition. Years later, one contributor asks for a photograph of herself as a teenager to be removed. She originally welcomed its inclusion, but now feels uncomfortable with strangers seeing it. The curator accepts that her earlier agreement was genuine. He also asks whether that agreement should settle the question forever. The exhibition is intended as a shared historical record, yet it depends on people trusting how their contributions are handled. Removing a picture may create a gap; refusing every request may discourage future contributions. The project must address both consequences rather than pretend that either choice is cost-free. The curator also asks the team to keep explanations of the policy separate from the contributor's private story. Visitors need to understand the archive's procedure, but they do not need personal details to understand why a removal request can matter. The distinction would help the team answer questions without reproducing the original concern." }, { "id": "G-S19-P2", "number": 2, "text": "The curator distinguishes removal from the public exhibition from destruction of every trace. He proposes replacing the photograph with a short note that an image was withdrawn at the contributor's request. The note would not repeat the image or explain her personal reasons. This could preserve an account of the exhibition's development while respecting the changed wish about public viewing. Another volunteer objects that visitors will no longer see a scene useful for understanding local school life. The curator acknowledges the loss instead of claiming the note provides equivalent evidence. However, he argues that retaining historical context does not require displaying every originally available image. The proposed response tries to preserve continuity without treating a contributor's decision as an embarrassing event that must be hidden." }, { "id": "G-S19-P3", "number": 3, "text": "The discussion also changes how the project invites new donations. Contributors would be told how requests for removal are handled and what nonpersonal record might remain. They would not be promised that the project can remove copies already downloaded by other people. Such a promise would exceed its control over the internet." }, { "id": "G-S19-P4", "number": 4, "text": "One member argues that this limitation makes accepting donations impossible. The curator disagrees: a limit can be explained without claiming there is no useful action within it. The project can stop displaying an image on its own website and be honest about copies elsewhere. Before adopting the policy, the team will discuss whether the remaining note is understandable and respectful. The decision is still open. The debate shows how preservation involves continuing relationships with contributors, not just keeping objects unchanged after the moment they enter an archive." } ], "word_count": 439, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S19-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What has changed in the contributor's situation?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S19-P1", "target": "G-S19-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S19-P1", "quote": "originally welcomed its inclusion, but now feels uncomfortable" } ], "primary_skill": "time", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "Destruction is not reported.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The meaning for her changed, not the scene.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "The original agreement was genuine.", "primary_trap_id": 13, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Her willingness to have the photograph publicly displayed.", "B": "The curator has destroyed every copy.", "C": "The image now shows a different scene.", "D": "She never agreed to its inclusion." }, "correct_options": [ "A" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S19-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why could refusing every removal request harm the project?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S19-P1", "target": "G-S19-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S19-P1", "quote": "may discourage future contributions" } ], "primary_skill": "cause", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "People might lose trust and become unwilling to contribute." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "It could discourage future donations." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "People might lose trust and become unwilling to contribute." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a guarantee that all contributors will withdraw.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "cause" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S19-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "What does the proposed replacement note preserve?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S19-P2", "target": "G-S19-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S19-P2", "quote": "an account of the exhibition's development" } ], "primary_skill": "detail", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "A record that an image once appeared and was withdrawn." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "Part of the history of the exhibition's changes." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "A record that an image once appeared and was withdrawn." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject the scene's full visual evidence or private reasons.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "evidence" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S19-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why does the curator acknowledge a loss?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S19-P2", "target": "G-S19-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S19-P2", "quote": "instead of claiming the note provides equivalent evidence" } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "A useful school-life scene would be lost.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Equivalent and greater detail are different claims.", "primary_trap_id": 8, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "The proposal excludes those reasons.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "The volunteer's objection has no historical basis.", "B": "The note cannot give the same visual evidence as the photograph.", "C": "Equivalent means more detailed than the original.", "D": "The note must disclose every personal reason." }, "correct_options": [ "B" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 8 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S19-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph III.", "stem": "Which TWO limits or responsibilities would be explained to new contributors?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S19-P3", "target": "G-S19-P3", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S19-P3", "quote": "how requests for removal are handled and what nonpersonal record might remain" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "That is beyond the project's control.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The note is not equivalent visual evidence.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "The project can stop displaying the image.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "F": { "explanation_en": "That fact appears in an earlier paragraph, not the new-donation explanation.", "primary_trap_id": 12, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "That a nonpersonal record of withdrawal might remain.", "B": "That every downloaded copy can be erased.", "C": "That their photograph is less useful than a note.", "D": "That no request can affect its own website.", "E": "How removal requests would be handled.", "F": "That the old contributor was a teenager." }, "correct_options": [ "A", "E" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 12 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S19-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why does the curator reject the claim that the limitation makes donations impossible?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S19-P4", "target": "G-S19-P4", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S19-P4", "quote": "stop displaying an image on its own website and be honest about copies elsewhere" } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 4 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "There is no possible useful action.", "explanation_en": "The limitation does not eliminate action within the project's control.", "trap_id": 7, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "The project can take useful action on its own site even though it cannot control every copy." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "Limited control still allows removal from its own exhibition." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "The project can take useful action on its own site even though it cannot control every copy." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject claiming total internet control.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S19-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What is the main issue examined in the article?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S19-P1", "quote": "both consequences" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S19-P2", "quote": "preserve continuity" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S19-P4", "quote": "continuing relationships with contributors" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "Her age is background, not the disputed issue.", "primary_trap_id": 11, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "The loss of visual evidence is acknowledged.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "That control is explicitly unavailable.", "primary_trap_id": 10, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "How an archive can balance preservation with changing wishes and limited control over copies.", "B": "Whether the contributor was really a teenager.", "C": "Why historical images have no value.", "D": "How to erase every image from the internet." }, "correct_options": [ "A" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 7, 10, 11 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } }, { "id": "G-S20", "level": "G", "order": 20, "title": "Publishing an Algorithm's Limitations", "text_type": "fictional transparency and understanding", "content_origin": "Original fictional practice scenario; all people, projects and results in this text are invented for reading practice. Not a factual research report.", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "G-S20-P1", "number": 1, "text": "An explanation is not useful merely because it is available. In a fictional city project, an online tool ranks possible sites for new public water fountains. It combines estimated foot traffic, distance from existing fountains, and the cost of installation. Officials publish the calculation method so residents can understand the recommendations. However, several readers assume the top-ranked site must be the best in every respect. The project manager explains that the tool compares only the factors entered into it. It does not measure whether a place feels welcoming or whether maintenance workers can reach it easily during busy hours. Publishing the calculation is a first step toward scrutiny, not proof that everyone understands the result or that the result settles the decision. The team plans to invite readers to explain a sample ranking in their own words. A correct description would provide more evidence of understanding than merely counting visits to the explanation page. This exercise would test communication of the tool's limits, not establish agreement with the priorities the council ultimately chooses." }, { "id": "G-S20-P2", "number": 2, "text": "The manager asks the team to present two sites side by side. One ranks higher because more people pass it; the other is cheaper to install but farther from the busiest route. The display shows how changing the importance assigned to cost can change their order. This does not mean the tool is malfunctioning. It reveals that a recommendation depends on priorities chosen by people. A resident who favors the cheaper site is not necessarily rejecting the calculation; she may disagree with those priorities. The team adds examples in ordinary language alongside the technical account. These examples explain the relationship between a choice of priorities and a resulting ranking, without pretending that one set of priorities is beyond public debate." }, { "id": "G-S20-P3", "number": 3, "text": "A volunteer then identifies a proposed site near a street scheduled for major works. The tool's current data do not include that plan, so its ranking may be based on conditions that will no longer apply. The manager adds a warning beside the site and refers it for a separate review. She also requests a visible date for the next data update." }, { "id": "G-S20-P4", "number": 4, "text": "Some officials worry that displaying warnings will reduce confidence in the tool. The manager argues that justified confidence requires knowing where the recommendation is weak as well as where it is well supported. The council will make the final choice after considering the ranked suggestions and information outside the model. The aim is neither to hide the calculation behind authority nor to ask residents to solve every technical problem themselves. It is to make the tool's contribution understandable enough that people can question its assumptions and use its results appropriately." } ], "word_count": 445, "questions": [ { "id": "G-S20-Q01", "number": 1, "type": "multiple_select", "instruction": "Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph I.", "stem": "Which TWO factors are included in the tool?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S20-P1", "target": "G-S20-P1", "required_answers": 2, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S20-P1", "quote": "estimated foot traffic, distance from existing fountains, and the cost of installation" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "B": { "explanation_en": "The model does not measure this.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "That display is requested in a later paragraph.", "primary_trap_id": 12, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "E": { "explanation_en": "Current data omit the later identified plan.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "F": { "explanation_en": "This is explicitly omitted.", "primary_trap_id": null, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Installation cost.", "B": "How welcoming every site feels.", "C": "Estimated numbers of people passing.", "D": "The date of the next data update.", "E": "Plans for future major street works.", "F": "Ease of maintenance access during busy hours." }, "correct_options": [ "A", "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 12 ], "training_families_present": [ "task" ], "scoring_units": 2 }, { "id": "G-S20-Q02", "number": 2, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why does publishing the calculation not settle the site decision?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S20-P1", "target": "G-S20-P1", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S20-P1", "quote": "compares only the factors entered into it" } ], "primary_skill": "inference", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 1 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "The ranking omits relevant considerations outside its selected factors." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "It evaluates only included factors, so other information remains relevant." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "The ranking omits relevant considerations outside its selected factors." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject claiming the calculation includes every consideration.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "evidence" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S20-Q03", "number": 3, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "What does the change in site order demonstrate?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S20-P2", "target": "G-S20-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S20-P2", "quote": "a recommendation depends on priorities chosen by people" } ], "primary_skill": "cause", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "A change in priorities can explain it.", "primary_trap_id": 2, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "This reverses the direction.", "primary_trap_id": 4, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "C": { "explanation_en": "Ordinary-language examples are added.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "A changed result necessarily proves the tool is broken.", "B": "The ranking determines which priorities people originally chose.", "C": "Technical words automatically produce complete understanding.", "D": "Different weights given to priorities can change the recommendation." }, "correct_options": [ "D" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 2, 4, 7 ], "training_families_present": [ "cause", "evidence", "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S20-Q04", "number": 4, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why might the resident prefer the cheaper site without rejecting the calculation?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S20-P2", "target": "G-S20-P2", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S20-P2", "quote": "she may disagree with those priorities" } ], "primary_skill": "precision", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 2 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [], "answer_key": [ "She may give cost a different importance from the priorities used by the tool." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "She may agree with the calculation but choose different weights." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "She may give cost a different importance from the priorities used by the tool." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject an assertion that the calculation is always wrong.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [], "training_families_present": [ "precision" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S20-Q05", "number": 5, "type": "short_answer", "instruction": "Give ONE answer.", "stem": "Why may the street-work plan weaken the site's ranking?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S20-P3", "target": "G-S20-P3", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S20-P3", "quote": "conditions that will no longer apply" } ], "primary_skill": "time", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 3 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": {}, "response_error_patterns": [ { "example_wrong_response": "The old ranking already incorporated the future works.", "explanation_en": "The current data omit them.", "trap_id": 13, "classification": "anticipated_open_response_error" } ], "answer_key": [ "The data may describe current conditions that future works will change." ], "acceptable_variants": [ "The recommendation omits a planned change to the street." ], "rubric": { "required_meanings": [ "The data may describe current conditions that future works will change." ], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject claiming the update was completed before the problem was found.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true }, "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 13 ], "training_families_present": [ "time" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S20-Q06", "number": 6, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Why does the manager favor displaying warnings?", "scope": "paragraph", "paragraph_id": "G-S20-P4", "target": "G-S20-P4", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S20-P4", "quote": "knowing where the recommendation is weak as well as where it is well supported" } ], "primary_skill": "task", "hint_en": "Check paragraph 4 and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Emotional assurance and perfection lack support.", "primary_trap_id": 5, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "Warnings address omitted conditions and reliability.", "primary_trap_id": 11, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "Appropriate use, not total rejection, is intended.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "They provide an inspiring guarantee of perfect decisions.", "B": "They explain only which sites are cheapest.", "C": "They help users place justified confidence in a limited recommendation.", "D": "They allow residents to ignore every result." }, "correct_options": [ "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 5, 7, 11 ], "training_families_present": [ "evidence", "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 }, { "id": "G-S20-Q07", "number": 7, "type": "multiple_choice", "instruction": "Circle ONE correct answer.", "stem": "Which statement best summarizes the article?", "scope": "whole_text", "paragraph_id": null, "target": "whole_text", "required_answers": 1, "evidence": [ { "paragraph_id": "G-S20-P1", "quote": "first step toward scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S20-P2", "quote": "priorities chosen by people" }, { "paragraph_id": "G-S20-P4", "quote": "question its assumptions" } ], "primary_skill": "main_idea", "hint_en": "Check the whole text and the exact number of answers required.", "observed_student_errors": [], "distractors": { "A": { "explanation_en": "Priorities remain debatable.", "primary_trap_id": 7, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "B": { "explanation_en": "The council considers information outside the model.", "primary_trap_id": 6, "classification": "displayed_distractor" }, "D": { "explanation_en": "It examines understanding of recommendations.", "primary_trap_id": 10, "classification": "displayed_distractor" } }, "response_error_patterns": [], "options": { "A": "Publishing code guarantees agreement about public priorities.", "B": "The highest rank must determine the council's final choice.", "C": "Transparency becomes useful when people can understand a model's priorities, omissions and role in a decision.", "D": "The article provides instructions for installing water pipes." }, "correct_options": [ "C" ], "taxonomy_trap_ids": [ 6, 7, 10 ], "training_families_present": [ "precision", "task" ], "scoring_units": 1 } ], "review": { "editorial_status": "reviewed_draft", "empirically_calibrated": false, "ministry_approved": false, "human_approved": false } } ], "taxonomy": { "version": "Simon-20261012", "source": "Exact 16 names supplied by Simon in the conversation, grouped A–D. Not claimed as a Ministry official taxonomy.", "traps": [ { "id": 1, "group": "A", "name_en": "World Knowledge", "name_he": "ידע עולם", "definition_en": "A plausible real-world claim is not supported by this text." }, { "id": 2, "group": "A", "name_en": "Logical Guess", "name_he": "ניחוש הגיוני ללא הנחת יסוד", "definition_en": "An inference sounds reasonable but requires a missing premise." }, { "id": 3, "group": "A", "name_en": "Topic vs. Detail", "name_he": "נושא לעומת פרט", "definition_en": "An option names the subject instead of answering the requested detail, or vice versa." }, { "id": 4, "group": "A", "name_en": "Cause–Effect Confusion", "name_he": "בלבול סיבה ותוצאה", "definition_en": "An option reverses cause/result or mistakes a sequence for a cause." }, { "id": 5, "group": "B", "name_en": "Attractive/Emotional Word", "name_he": "מילה מושכת או רגשית", "definition_en": "Appealing wording draws attention away from textual support." }, { "id": 6, "group": "B", "name_en": "Small-Word Precision", "name_he": "דיוק במילה קטנה", "definition_en": "An option alters a qualifier such as some, still, only, before, or may." }, { "id": 7, "group": "B", "name_en": "Absolute Language", "name_he": "לשון מוחלטת", "definition_en": "An option turns a qualified claim into an unsupported universal claim." }, { "id": 8, "group": "B", "name_en": "Synonym Distortion", "name_he": "עיוות בניסוח קרוב", "definition_en": "A near-synonym changes the strength, scope, or meaning of the original." }, { "id": 9, "group": "B", "name_en": "Reference Ambiguity", "name_he": "אזכור שגוי", "definition_en": "An option assigns a pronoun or referring phrase to the wrong referent." }, { "id": 10, "group": "C", "name_en": "Wrong Question (explain/suggest/show)", "name_he": "מענה למשימה אחרת", "definition_en": "An option answers a different task from the question asked." }, { "id": 11, "group": "C", "name_en": "Scope", "name_he": "היקף התשובה", "definition_en": "An option is too broad or narrow for the specified text or paragraph." }, { "id": 12, "group": "C", "name_en": "Line/Reference", "name_he": "מידע מחוץ למיקום שנשאל", "definition_en": "An option uses information outside the location the question specifies." }, { "id": 13, "group": "C", "name_en": "Time Reference", "name_he": "זמן וסדר", "definition_en": "An option confuses past, present, future, or the order of events." }, { "id": 14, "group": "D", "name_en": "Completion ≠ Interpretation", "name_he": "השלמה אינה פרשנות", "definition_en": "A plausible sentence completion is not what the text establishes." }, { "id": 15, "group": "D", "name_en": "Grammar-Driven", "name_he": "התאמה דקדוקית ללא התאמת משמעות", "definition_en": "Surface grammatical fit tempts the learner to ignore a semantic mismatch." }, { "id": 16, "group": "D", "name_en": "Negative Question (NOT/EXCEPT)", "name_he": "שאלה בשלילה", "definition_en": "An option is true but the question asks for the unsupported exception." } ] }, "training_families": { "evidence": { "name_he": "ביסוס תשובה בטקסט", "trap_ids": [ 1, 2, 5 ], "routine_he": "איזה משפט בטקסט תומך בטענה, בלי ידע חיצוני, הנחה חסרה או רושם רגשי?" }, "task": { "name_he": "קריאת השאלה וגבולותיה", "trap_ids": [ 3, 10, 11, 12, 16 ], "routine_he": "מה נדרש, מאיזו פסקה, באיזה היקף, והאם מבקשים דווקא חריג?" }, "precision": { "name_he": "דיוק בניסוח ובחוזק הטענה", "trap_ids": [ 6, 7, 8 ], "routine_he": "האם הניסוח שומר על some/only/may ועל משמעות ועוצמת המילים?" }, "cause": { "name_he": "סיבה ותוצאה", "trap_ids": [ 4 ], "routine_he": "מה גרם למה? סדר אירועים לבדו אינו מוכיח סיבה." }, "reference": { "name_he": "זיהוי אזכורים", "trap_ids": [ 9 ], "routine_he": "למי או למה מתייחסת המילה המסומנת?" }, "time": { "name_he": "זמן וסדר", "trap_ids": [ 13 ], "routine_he": "מתי הדבר נכון: קודם, עכשיו או אחר כך?" }, "completion": { "name_he": "השלמת משפט לפי משמעות", "trap_ids": [ 14, 15 ], "routine_he": "האם ההשלמה גם משתלבת במשפט וגם אומרת בדיוק מה שהטקסט קובע?" } }, "learner_pillars": { "source": "Four-pillar teaching organization supplied by Simon in a pptx code sample. No PISA-specific endorsement asserted.", "pillars": { "1": { "name_en": "Evidence Bound", "name_he": "ביסוס בטקסט", "trap_ids": [ 1, 2 ] }, "2": { "name_en": "Semantic Precision & Scope", "name_he": "דיוק במשמעות ובהיקף", "trap_ids": [ 3, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12 ] }, "3": { "name_en": "Logical Direction & Dynamics", "name_he": "קשרים וכיוון לוגי", "trap_ids": [ 4, 9, 13 ] }, "4": { "name_en": "Task & Surface Control", "name_he": "בקרת המשימה והסחות", "trap_ids": [ 5, 10, 14, 15, 16 ] } }, "teacher_routines": 7, "audit_subtypes": 16, "rule": "Show only the pillar and short check relevant to the actual error. Four learner headings; seven teacher routines; sixteen audit subtypes are alternative views of the same skills, not three sets of extra exercises." }, "bot_rules": { "fixed_items_only": true, "generate_during_chat": false, "test4": false, "automatic_level_change": false, "writing_or_separate_vocabulary_included": false } }