BAGRUT TRAP KILLER — FIXED READING PRACTICE — v0.7.0
Original fictional scenarios: all people, places, projects and results are invented for reading practice. Reading only; not a complete Bagrut exam.

G-S01 — When a Quiet Route Is Not the Shortest
494 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S01-Q01 | G-S01-P1
Put a mark by the TWO correct answers. Base your answers on paragraph I.
What do we learn about the Quiet Steps option?
A. Why walking improves everyone's health.
B. How volunteers collected sound information.
C. Why every quiet route is safer.
D. How many people have chosen it.
E. What feature of a route it considers.
F. Who might want to use it.
KEY: ["E", "F"]
Evidence G-S01-P1: routes with less traffic noise
Evidence G-S01-P1: people who are willing to spend a few extra minutes walking in a calmer environment
A: The paragraph gives no health explanation and explicitly avoids this claim. [subtype 1]
B: Data collection is explained in paragraph II, outside the stated location. [subtype 12]
C: The designers do not claim a safety advantage. [subtype 7]
D: No number of users is supplied. [subtype None]

G-S01-Q02 | G-S01-P1
Complete the sentence.
COMPLETE THE SENTENCE. The new option enables users to choose between saving time and _____.
KEY: ["walking in a calmer or less noisy environment"]
Evidence G-S01-P1: people who are willing to spend a few extra minutes walking in a calmer environment
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["walking in a calmer or less noisy environment"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Do not accept saving money, walking safely, or getting more exercise; these are not the contrasted priorities.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["taking a quieter route", "having a calmer walk"]
Anticipated error (not observed): improving their health — The reader imports a plausible benefit that the designers do not establish.
Anticipated error (not observed): arriving earlier — This fits the grammatical frame but repeats the time priority rather than the alternative.

G-S01-Q03 | G-S01-P2
Give ONE answer from paragraph II.
Why did the team combine the recordings with traffic information?
KEY: ["A single recording might not represent normal conditions because it could capture a passing truck."]
Evidence G-S01-P2: a single recording might capture a passing truck rather than the conditions walkers normally experience
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["A single recording might not represent normal conditions because it could capture a passing truck."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Do not accept identifying users, recording conversations, or guaranteeing silence.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["To avoid treating a temporary sound as the usual conditions.", "To get a better picture of the noise walkers normally experience."]
Anticipated error (not observed): Heavy traffic was caused by the recordings — This reverses the relationship; traffic information helps interpret recorded noise.

G-S01-Q04 | G-S01-P3
Circle ONE correct answer.
What do the users' complaints in paragraph III help explain?
A. Why the team had measured sound levels incorrectly.
B. Why users refused to take any route that was longer.
C. Why quieter streets necessarily make people walk more slowly.
D. Why accurate information about one feature may be insufficient for a decision.
KEY: ["D"]
Evidence G-S01-P3: Their complaints did not show that the sound measurements were wrong.
Evidence G-S01-P3: an important cost of choosing it remained unclear
A: The paragraph explicitly distinguishes complaints from evidence of faulty measurements. [subtype None]
B: They chose the longer route; the problem was that its cost had not been clear. [subtype 7]
C: The text reports a longer route, not a reduction in walking speed. [subtype 2]

G-S01-Q05 | G-S01-P4
Circle ONE correct answer.
What does the phrase 'those changes' at the end of paragraph IV refer to?
A. Changes to the measurements taken by volunteers.
B. Changes to the shop's opening hours.
C. Changes to traffic arrangements that would improve public spaces.
D. Changes to the way walking times were displayed.
KEY: ["C"]
Evidence G-S01-P4: changing traffic arrangements would require decisions and resources beyond the team's control
Evidence G-S01-P4: They did not present the app as a replacement for those changes.
A: The immediate discussion concerns public spaces and traffic arrangements. [subtype 9]
B: No change to opening hours is discussed. [subtype 9]
D: That is a change described in paragraph III, not the referent here. [subtype 9]

G-S01-Q06 | G-S01-P5
Complete the sentence.
COMPLETE THE SENTENCE. According to paragraph V, choosing the faster route can still be a successful outcome if the walker _____.
KEY: ["understood and compared the two options before choosing"]
Evidence G-S01-P5: Someone who selects the faster route after comparing both options has still made an informed choice.
Evidence G-S01-P5: For the developers, that is a valuable outcome too.
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["understood and compared the two options before choosing"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Do not require choosing the quiet route. Do not accept assuming an unmeasured street is quiet.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["made an informed choice after considering both options", "understood the extra time involved before deciding"]
Anticipated error (not observed): later discovers that the quiet route takes longer — The understanding must precede the choice, not follow it.
Anticipated error (not observed): always prefers the fastest route — A fixed preference does not establish an informed comparison.

G-S01-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
Which statement best expresses the main idea of the whole article?
A. A route-planning tool can support informed choices when it makes trade-offs and limitations clear.
B. Reducing noise measurements is the quickest way to improve town centers.
C. Every successful navigation app must persuade users to choose quieter streets.
D. Walking time is the only useful information a navigation app can provide.
KEY: ["A"]
Evidence G-S01-P1: choose between two priorities
Evidence G-S01-P3: allowing the two routes to be compared directly
Evidence G-S01-P4: They did not present the app as a replacement for those changes.
Evidence G-S01-P5: that is a valuable outcome too
B: Noise measurement is not presented as a cause of noise or as a town improvement policy. [subtype None]
C: The project values informed choice, including the faster route. [subtype 7]
D: The text develops an additional priority rather than rejecting it. [subtype 11]

G-S02 — Who Owns a Community Sound Map?
431 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S02-Q01 | G-S02-P1
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why does the coordinator prefer the word record to celebration?
A. The project concerns the sounds of Bellford.
B. It allows the map to include disagreeable aspects of town life.
C. It promises an inspiring tribute to a wonderful community.
D. A record is a complete account of every local sound.
KEY: ["B"]
Evidence G-S02-P1: selecting only pleasant sounds would produce a misleading impression of local life
A: This names the topic without explaining the word choice. [subtype 3]
C: Appealing praise is the approach she questions. [subtype 5]
D: Record is modest; complete adds an unsupported scope. [subtype 8]

G-S02-Q02 | G-S02-P1
Complete the sentence.
The map aims to preserve _____ rather than advertise the town.
KEY: ["the current sounds of local places"]
Evidence G-S02-P1: preserve places as they sound now
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["the current sounds of local places"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject future sounds, advertising or preservation of buildings.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["what places sound like now"]
Anticipated error (not observed): the town buildings — The phrase fits after preserve but the object is sounds, not buildings.

G-S02-Q03 | G-S02-P2
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph II.
Which TWO conditions apply to publishing an identifiable conversation?
A. Consent to private recording is sufficient.
B. They must understand the intended public use.
C. All identifiable speakers must give permission.
D. One speaker can authorize all the voices.
E. Selling it requires another agreement.
F. Every contributor must upload a voice recording.
KEY: ["B", "C"]
Evidence G-S02-P2: requires permission from everyone whose voice can be identified
Evidence G-S02-P2: explain the intended public use before requesting permission
A: Private consent does not authorize public use. [subtype None]
D: Everyone is required, not one participant. [subtype 6]
E: Commercial reuse is in a later paragraph. [subtype 12]
F: Written descriptions are available. [subtype 7]

G-S02-Q04 | G-S02-P2
Give ONE answer.
Why does the team accept losing some lively recordings?
KEY: ["It gives priority to the permission of identifiable speakers."]
Evidence G-S02-P2: This restriction makes some lively recordings unusable, but the team accepts that loss.
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["It gives priority to the permission of identifiable speakers."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject poor sound quality; explain the consent restriction.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["To respect speakers who have not authorized public use."]

G-S02-Q05 | G-S02-P3
Circle ONE correct answer.
What does the removal policy retain?
A. The voice remains available only to advertisers.
B. The recording remains publicly audible.
C. No trace of the entry remains.
D. A nonpersonal note that an entry used to exist.
KEY: ["D"]
Evidence G-S02-P3: the map retains a written note explaining that an entry once existed
A: The note contains no voice. [subtype None]
B: Removal leaves a note, not an audible recording. [subtype None]
C: A written note remains. [subtype 6]

G-S02-Q06 | G-S02-P4
Give ONE answer.
Why is a review scheduled before publication?
KEY: ["The unresolved balance between historical preservation and participant control must be considered."]
Evidence G-S02-P4: The proposed policy therefore remains open to discussion, with a review scheduled before the map becomes public.
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["The unresolved balance between historical preservation and participant control must be considered."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a completed review or agreement by all residents.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["To reconsider the policy while the competing concerns are still open."]
Anticipated error (not observed): The map has already resolved the conflict. — Discussion and review are still pending.

G-S02-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
Which title best suits the whole article?
A. A Complete History of Bellford
B. Sharing Local Sounds: Access Comes with Responsibilities
C. The Best Places to Hear a Fountain
D. How to Sell a Workshop Recording
KEY: ["B"]
Evidence G-S02-P1: who should decide how it is used?
Evidence G-S02-P2: explain the intended public use
Evidence G-S02-P4: continuing responsibilities
A: It is a proposed sound map, not complete history. [subtype 11]
C: The text examines governance, not visitor recommendations. [subtype 10]
D: Commercial use is one issue, not the overall purpose. [subtype 11]

G-S03 — Making a Device Easier to Repair
441 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S03-Q01 | G-S03-P1
Give ONE answer.
Why do the judges ask about future supplies of switches?
KEY: ["Opening the lamp is insufficient if suitable replacement parts are unavailable."]
Evidence G-S03-P1: easy to open and still be difficult to repair
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["Opening the lamp is insufficient if suitable replacement parts are unavailable."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject brightness or a claim that switches are already unavailable.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["Repair also depends on obtaining replacement switches."]

G-S03-Q02 | G-S03-P1
Circle ONE correct answer.
What is the second team trying to enable?
A. Repair of every household device.
B. An effortless and wonderful life for every owner.
C. Replacement of one failed component.
D. A brighter light than the other lamp.
KEY: ["C"]
Evidence G-S03-P1: replace a failed switch without replacing the whole lamp
A: The proposal concerns this lamp. [subtype 11]
B: Emotional promises lack evidence. [subtype 5]
D: Both provide the same light. [subtype None]

G-S03-Q03 | G-S03-P2
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why is total independence an inaccurate description?
A. Reducing dependence does not remove all reliance on others.
B. Every repair must be performed by the manufacturer.
C. Reduced dependence means complete freedom from suppliers.
D. The instructions themselves cause electrical faults.
KEY: ["A"]
Evidence G-S03-P2: Owners would still depend on available components, safe procedures, and people
B: Qualified technicians may handle complex faults. [subtype 7]
C: Reduced and complete have different strength. [subtype 8]
D: The instructions identify faults requiring a technician. An invented causal claim is not a reversal of an established cause/effect relation. [subtype None]

G-S03-Q04 | G-S03-P2
Complete the sentence.
Using a shared switch could reduce costs because _____.
KEY: ["the manufacturer would not need a production line dedicated to this model"]
Evidence G-S03-P2: would not need a separate production line for this model
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["the manufacturer would not need a production line dedicated to this model"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject lower costs causing the switch to become shared.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["several products could use components made by the same line"]
Anticipated error (not observed): A cheaper production line causes the switch to be shared. — This reverses the stated cost relationship.

G-S03-Q05 | G-S03-P3
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph III.
Which TWO factors are explicitly mentioned as influencing a decision to repair?
A. The cost of replacing the product.
B. The availability of a shared switch.
C. The age of the competition judges.
D. The time involved.
E. The brightness of the lamp.
F. The color of its base.
KEY: ["A", "D"]
Evidence G-S03-P3: Time, confidence, and the price of a replacement all influence that decision.
B: This appears in a different paragraph, not the requested list. [subtype 12]
C: Their ages are not given. [subtype None]
E: Brightness is not listed as a repair decision factor. [subtype None]
F: No color is supplied. [subtype None]

G-S03-Q06 | G-S03-P4
Complete the sentence.
Before choosing a winner, the judges want _____.
KEY: ["evidence from ordinary use over several years comparing actual repairs and returns"]
Evidence G-S03-P4: evidence about actual repairs and returns
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["evidence from ordinary use over several years comparing actual repairs and returns"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a design promise alone or announcement of an existing winner.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["a longer-term comparison of how both designs are repaired or returned"]
Anticipated error (not observed): To make the lamp brighter. — This proposes a design change instead of the evidence requested.

G-S03-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
What is the main purpose of the article?
A. To show why claims about repairability require practical support and comparison.
B. To describe the production of a shared switch.
C. To explain how to change every electrical component.
D. To prove that sealed devices should never be sold.
KEY: ["A"]
Evidence G-S03-P1: arrangements surrounding the lamp
Evidence G-S03-P2: They do not make every repair appropriate
Evidence G-S03-P4: actual repairs and returns
B: One component is too narrow for the text. [subtype 11]
C: It is not a repair manual. [subtype 10]
D: Neither design is dismissed. [subtype 7]

G-S04 — Digital Copies in a Museum
456 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S04-Q01 | G-S04-P1
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph I.
Which TWO benefits of the digital collection are described?
A. It eliminates uncertainty about original settings.
B. Small details can be enlarged.
C. It replaces the museum experience completely.
D. All objects can be handled at home.
E. Visitors learn exactly how heavy every object is.
F. Objects can be viewed from different angles.
KEY: ["B", "F"]
Evidence G-S04-P1: examine three-dimensional images from any angle
Evidence G-S04-P1: enlarge a small detail
A: Visible shape does not establish all context. [subtype 2]
C: The curator rejects replacement. [subtype 7]
D: Handling is not offered. [subtype None]
E: Images cannot convey the later weight question. [subtype None]

G-S04-Q02 | G-S04-P1
Give ONE answer.
Why are the digital and exhibition experiences not identical?
KEY: ["The exhibition supplies contextual information beyond the visible shape in an image."]
Evidence G-S04-P1: the exhibition also explains its material, original setting, and later history
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["The exhibition supplies contextual information beyond the visible shape in an image."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a claim that digital images show no useful detail.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["The image shows shape, whereas the exhibition explains material and history."]

G-S04-Q03 | G-S04-P2
Give ONE answer.
What do the two versions of the bowl have in common?
KEY: ["They use the same surviving fragments as evidence."]
Evidence G-S04-P2: Both versions are based on the same surviving fragments
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["They use the same surviving fragments as evidence."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject both fill gaps; only one does.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["Both rely on the existing fragments."]
Anticipated error (not observed): Both reconstruct the missing parts. — The word both erases a stated distinction.

G-S04-Q04 | G-S04-P2
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why must the colored marks remain visible?
A. To prove that attractive copies are always false.
B. To preserve the beauty of a perfect ancient treasure.
C. To make the original bowl look more expensive.
D. To distinguish uncertain reconstruction from surviving evidence.
KEY: ["D"]
Evidence G-S04-P2: Removing them would turn an interpretation into an apparent fact.
A: The text does not establish that universal claim. [subtype 7]
B: Emotional attraction is not the reason for marking uncertainty. [subtype 5]
C: Price is absent. [subtype None]

G-S04-Q05 | G-S04-P3
Circle ONE correct answer.
What does the teacher ask students to do before visiting?
A. Explain how the digital bowl was reconstructed.
B. Count how many viewers travel to the museum.
C. Identify questions requiring more than the images.
D. Decide that all their questions were answered by the exhibition.
KEY: ["C"]
Evidence G-S04-P3: formulate questions that the images alone cannot answer
A: This is a different task. [subtype 10]
B: The curator declines this measure. [subtype None]
D: That discussion occurs later. [subtype 13]

G-S04-Q06 | G-S04-P3
Complete the sentence.
For the curator, an online viewer need not _____ for the collection to be valuable.
KEY: ["subsequently visit the museum in person"]
Evidence G-S04-P3: not by the number of online viewers who subsequently visit in person
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["subsequently visit the museum in person"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject inspect an image: that does not express the rejected measure.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["make a later physical visit"]
Anticipated error (not observed): enlarge a detail — Grammatically possible, but this is a benefit, not the unnecessary outcome.

G-S04-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
Which statement best summarizes the article?
A. Online images are useful only before a physical visit.
B. Digital collections can offer valuable access when their interpretations and limits are clear.
C. All museum questions can be answered by accurate copies.
D. Two versions of one bowl prove the museum has no originals.
KEY: ["B"]
Evidence G-S04-P1: not identical
Evidence G-S04-P2: communicate uncertainty
Evidence G-S04-P3: worthwhile on its own
A: The curator accepts a standalone encounter. [subtype 6]
C: Shape alone does not provide every answer. [subtype 7]
D: The example does not support this inference. [subtype 2]

G-S05 — Food Labels with Changing Information
448 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S05-Q01 | G-S05-P1
Circle ONE correct answer.
What would the changing label tell an assistant?
A. It would explain why refrigeration was invented.
B. It would certify that the product is fresh.
C. It would reveal exactly who delayed the delivery.
D. That the product may have experienced prolonged warmth.
KEY: ["D"]
Evidence G-S05-P1: add information about handling, not to replace the printed date
A: The indicator reports exposure; it does not explain the history of refrigeration. This ordinary mismatch is left unlabelled. [subtype None]
B: Exposure information is not a freshness certificate. [subtype 8]
C: Responsibility is not identified. [subtype None]

G-S05-Q02 | G-S05-P1
Give ONE answer.
Why might the printed date be insufficient?
KEY: ["It does not reveal the conditions experienced during handling."]
Evidence G-S05-P1: without knowing whether a delivery was delayed outside a refrigerator
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["It does not reveal the conditions experienced during handling."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a claim that the printed date is impossible to read.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["It cannot show whether the food was kept warm during a delay."]

G-S05-Q03 | G-S05-P2
Complete the sentence.
Cooling a package after its label has changed will _____.
KEY: ["leave the changed color in place"]
Evidence G-S05-P2: does not restore the original color
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["leave the changed color in place"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject recovery of color or an assertion about food safety.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["not return the label to its original color"]
Anticipated error (not observed): make the label change only in the future — The change has already occurred and persists.

G-S05-Q04 | G-S05-P2
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why is safety certificate an inaccurate name?
A. Warning and certification mean the same degree of certainty.
B. Cooling is caused by the change in color.
C. The label cannot establish safety from all possible problems.
D. All labels change after brief warmth.
KEY: ["C"]
Evidence G-S05-P2: Other problems, which the label cannot detect, may affect the product.
A: Certification strengthens a qualified warning into proof. [subtype 8]
B: Cooling follows exposure; the label does not cause it. [subtype 4]
D: Duration also matters. [subtype 7]

G-S05-Q05 | G-S05-P3
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph III.
Which TWO matters must the team investigate or address before ordinary use?
A. How to restore the original color by cooling.
B. Who invented the printed date.
C. Whether people understand the signal.
D. Whether illness has already fallen in both shops.
E. Whether shop lighting allows the color to be read clearly.
F. Which temperature and duration alter the color.
KEY: ["C", "E"]
Evidence G-S05-P3: whether its color can be read clearly under ordinary shop lighting
Evidence G-S05-P3: test whether people understand the signal
A: The design does not restore it. [subtype None]
B: No historical inquiry is proposed. [subtype None]
D: No illness results are claimed. [subtype None]
F: That operating relationship is in a different paragraph, outside the stated location. [subtype 12]

G-S05-Q06 | G-S05-P3
Complete the sentence.
The explanation is placed beside both indicators so that users _____.
KEY: ["read the date and exposure signal together instead of treating one as sufficient"]
Evidence G-S05-P3: they answer different questions and should be read together
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["read the date and exposure signal together instead of treating one as sufficient"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject ignoring the date or proving absence of illness.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["understand that the signal does not replace the date"]
Anticipated error (not observed): can admire the package — Possible grammar, but no informational purpose is expressed.

G-S05-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
What is the article mainly about?
A. Instructions for returning every warm package.
B. The useful but limited information a changing food label could provide.
C. The delivery records of two shops.
D. A proven method for eliminating food illness.
KEY: ["B"]
Evidence G-S05-P1: an indicator of exposure
Evidence G-S05-P2: warning signal rather than a safety certificate
Evidence G-S05-P3: a simple signal can be misunderstood
A: The article does not create that rule. [subtype 10]
C: Those records are only part of one suggested policy. [subtype 11]
D: No illness result is claimed. [subtype 7]

G-S06 — A Public Seating Experiment
446 words; seven numbered questions; 7 answer units.
G-S06-Q01 | G-S06-P1
Give ONE answer.
Why might equal seat counts conceal different kinds of use?
KEY: ["A count does not distinguish brief visits from longer conversations."]
Evidence G-S06-P1: used briefly by many people may serve a different purpose from one used for a long conversation
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["A count does not distinguish brief visits from longer conversations."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject claiming that one type is always superior.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["The duration and purpose of sitting may differ even if occupancy looks similar."]

G-S06-Q02 | G-S06-P1
Circle ONE correct answer.
What should guide the interpretation of occupancy?
A. The activities the seating is intended to support.
B. How the volunteers should arrange their next meeting.
C. The healthiest number of minutes to sit.
D. The topic of public seating.
KEY: ["A"]
Evidence G-S06-P1: which activities the square should support
B: That is a different practical task. [subtype 10]
C: No health standard appears. [subtype 1]
D: A topic alone does not supply the decision criterion. [subtype 3]

G-S06-Q03 | G-S06-P2
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why might the concert count give a limited picture?
A. The concert was held because the count showed a preference.
B. People seeking other uses may not have been present.
C. The concert proves all residents prefer facing a stage.
D. The volunteers invented the occupancy figures.
KEY: ["B"]
Evidence G-S06-P2: People who want a quiet conversation might avoid the square at such times
A: The event influenced who was counted, not vice versa. [subtype 4]
C: The count does not represent everyone. [subtype 7]
D: The planner does not dispute accuracy. [subtype None]

G-S06-Q04 | G-S06-P3
Give ONE answer.
What changed after the initial observations? Give ONE change.
KEY: ["Observations were extended to ordinary mornings and evenings."]
Evidence G-S06-P3: schedules observations on ordinary mornings and evenings as well
Evidence G-S06-P3: distinguishes between passing visitors and people who remain seated
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["Observations were extended to ordinary mornings and evenings."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Accept either expanded observation times or distinguishing duration; reject a permanent seating decision.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true, "acceptable_meaning_groups": [["Observations were extended to ordinary mornings and evenings."], ["They distinguished passing visitors from people who stayed seated."]], "select_any_distinct_groups": 1, "required_meanings_are_sample_key": true}
Accepted variants: ["They distinguished passing visitors from people who stayed seated."]
Anticipated error (not observed): The final arrangement was already chosen. — Observational changes precede that decision.

G-S06-Q05 | G-S06-P4
Give ONE answer.
How do the shopkeepers and the older resident differ in what they value?
KEY: ["The shopkeepers value rapid movement, while the resident values a longer rest."]
Evidence G-S06-P4: Shopkeepers favor seats that people leave quickly
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["The shopkeepers value rapid movement, while the resident values a longer rest."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Require both positions; reject hostility to an active square.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["Quick turnover matters to shopkeepers; a half-hour rest matters to the resident."]

G-S06-Q06 | G-S06-P5
Circle ONE correct answer.
What does the planner propose?
A. Waiting until both arrangements attract equal numbers.
B. Replacing all benches with standing areas.
C. Keeping a mixture of seating arrangements.
D. Selecting the design with the most concert viewers.
KEY: ["C"]
Evidence G-S06-P5: retaining some benches of each type
A: Equal numbers are not the basis of the proposal. [subtype None]
B: No such change is proposed. [subtype None]
D: She proposes a mixture based on different purposes. [subtype None]

G-S06-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
Which statement best captures the whole article?
A. Every experiment must produce a winning design.
B. Concerts are the only useful activity in a square.
C. Public seating should be designed solely for older people.
D. A seating count becomes useful when interpreted in relation to conditions and purposes.
KEY: ["D"]
Evidence G-S06-P1: count needs an interpretation
Evidence G-S06-P2: particular conditions
Evidence G-S06-P5: different purposes
A: The text values a better question and a mixed proposal. [subtype 7]
B: Other activities are explicitly valued. [subtype 7]
C: One perspective is too narrow. [subtype 11]

G-S07 — Paying for Shared Equipment
439 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S07-Q01 | G-S07-P1
Circle ONE correct answer.
What is the main disagreement described in paragraph I?
A. How to fund the continuing service.
B. Shared workshop equipment.
C. How to use a drill safely.
D. Whether tools are useful in principle.
KEY: ["A"]
Evidence G-S07-P1: how to sustain access
B: This gives the topic without the disagreement. [subtype 3]
C: It is not a training discussion. [subtype 10]
D: The paragraph distinguishes the debate from that issue. [subtype 10]

G-S07-Q02 | G-S07-P1
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph I.
Which TWO features are shared by both proposed models?
A. They would fund a tool-lending service.
B. They would rely entirely on volunteers for repairs.
C. They would require payments from every household.
D. They would avoid charging separately for each tool.
E. Initial repairs were paid for from the opening grant.
F. They would guarantee permanent free access for everyone.
KEY: ["A", "D"]
Evidence G-S07-P1: Neither proposal would charge separately for each tool.
Evidence G-S07-P1: funding models for the coming year
B: Repair roles are discussed later and include paid work. [subtype None]
C: Voluntary funding does not require them. [subtype 7]
E: The initial repair funding is stated in paragraph II; it is not a feature shared by the two proposed funding models. [subtype 12]
F: Neither guarantees that outcome. [subtype 7]

G-S07-Q03 | G-S07-P2
Give ONE answer.
How can a repair delay affect access?
KEY: ["It leaves fewer functioning tools available for borrowing."]
Evidence G-S07-P2: reduced the number available to borrow
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["It leaves fewer functioning tools available for borrowing."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject access causing the original fault.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["Users have fewer tools they can borrow."]
Anticipated error (not observed): Having fewer available drills caused the repair delay. — This reverses the stated effect.

G-S07-Q04 | G-S07-P2
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why is the shelves donation not a complete budget solution?
A. It meets one need without covering all recurring costs.
B. Volunteers cannot organize reservations.
C. A gift always covers every expense.
D. The committee refuses all donations.
KEY: ["A"]
Evidence G-S07-P2: cannot be treated as an answer to every continuing expense
B: They can reduce that work. [subtype None]
C: The claim expands one donation to everything. [subtype 7]
D: It welcomes the gift. [subtype None]

G-S07-Q05 | G-S07-P3
Complete the sentence.
Before the trial begins, the committee would explain _____.
KEY: ["which services would be reduced if contributions were insufficient"]
Evidence G-S07-P3: state before the trial which services would be reduced if the money fell short
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["which services would be reduced if contributions were insufficient"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject reductions already implemented; this is proposed advance notice.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["the planned service reductions in the event of a funding shortfall"]
Anticipated error (not observed): which services were reduced after the trial ended — The announcement precedes the proposed trial.

G-S07-Q06 | G-S07-P4
Give ONE answer.
Why might the two members assess the trial differently?
KEY: ["One prioritizes keeping free access during the trial; the other questions reliability under uncertain funding."]
Evidence G-S07-P4: Another doubts that uncertain income can support reliable availability.
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["One prioritizes keeping free access during the trial; the other questions reliability under uncertain funding."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Require the contrasting priorities, not a claim that either opposes tools.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["They weigh preserved access and predictable funding differently."]

G-S07-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
Which summary best fits the article?
A. Voluntary donations have already secured permanent funding.
B. Sustaining shared access requires a funding decision that recognizes continuing costs and uncertainty.
C. New shelves are the workshop's central problem.
D. Collecting more payments is the only measure of success.
KEY: ["B"]
Evidence G-S07-P1: someone must still inspect them
Evidence G-S07-P2: maintenance and access
Evidence G-S07-P4: No model is presented as a guaranteed solution
A: The trial is proposed and limited. [subtype 13]
C: The central question is broader continuing funding. [subtype 11]
D: Members judge the service supported. [subtype 6]

G-S08 — An Archive of Everyday Objects
446 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S08-Q01 | G-S08-P1
Give ONE answer.
What makes an object informative for this archive?
KEY: ["Its ability to support questions about a specific experience, time and place."]
Evidence G-S08-P1: the questions it can help someone ask about a particular time and place
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["Its ability to support questions about a specific experience, time and place."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject unusual appearance alone.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["The evidence it provides about everyday experience."]

G-S08-Q02 | G-S08-P1
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why does every kept object need a description?
A. Descriptions make objects last physically longer.
B. The room can expand only when descriptions are written.
C. Its context helps people interpret it.
D. All broken pencils are more valuable than timetables.
KEY: ["C"]
Evidence G-S08-P1: explaining its origin and use
A: The text does not claim physical preservation by words. [subtype 2]
B: No such condition is stated. [subtype None]
D: No ranking is established. [subtype 7]

G-S08-Q03 | G-S08-P2
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph II.
Which TWO interpretations of the early collection are supported?
A. Routine lessons never occurred.
B. The abundance of medals may not show how school time was spent.
C. Permission was requested for private notes.
D. All contributors deliberately deceived the organizers.
E. Medals prove competitions took up most lessons.
F. Contributors' choices shaped its contents.
KEY: ["B", "F"]
Evidence G-S08-P2: reflects what contributors chose to save as well as what students actually did
A: Missing objects do not prove missing experiences. [subtype 2]
C: That is in a later paragraph. [subtype 12]
D: A preference to save achievements is not proof of deception. [subtype 7]
E: The paragraph rejects this conclusion. [subtype 2]

G-S08-Q04 | G-S08-P3
Complete the sentence.
The explanation of the first invitation prevents viewers from assuming _____.
KEY: ["that the collection gives an unbiased picture of school life"]
Evidence G-S08-P3: an unbiased picture of school life
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["that the collection gives an unbiased picture of school life"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject saying medals are fake.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["that its contents directly represent the frequency of every school activity"]
Anticipated error (not observed): that medals are attractive — This fits the clause but does not express the mistaken representativeness.

G-S08-Q05 | G-S08-P4
Circle ONE correct answer.
What does the phrase 'These descriptions' refer to?
A. Private notes copied word for word.
B. The timetable in the first paragraph.
C. Descriptions of the original competition medals.
D. General accounts that omit private words when permission is refused.
KEY: ["D"]
Evidence G-S08-P4: These descriptions provide less detail
A: Those words are omitted. [subtype 9]
B: That is not the referent. [subtype 9]
C: The immediate reference is the privacy alternative. [subtype 9]

G-S08-Q06 | G-S08-P5
Give ONE answer.
Why does the exhibition explain why items were chosen?
KEY: ["So visitors can understand and question the selection decisions."]
Evidence G-S08-P5: make the archive's decisions visible
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["So visitors can understand and question the selection decisions."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject claiming no choices were made.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["To reveal the perspective created by the selection."]

G-S08-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
Which is the best title for the whole article?
A. The Complete School Day in One Room
B. Why Private Notes Must Always Be Destroyed
C. How to Win a School Medal
D. Collecting Everyday Life: Making Selection Visible
KEY: ["D"]
Evidence G-S08-P1: without keeping every object
Evidence G-S08-P2: contributors chose to save
Evidence G-S08-P5: a useful perspective on the past
A: The archive explicitly has limits. [subtype 7]
B: A description can be retained; destruction is not required. [subtype 7]
C: Winning is not the article's subject. [subtype 10]

G-S09 — A Robot Library Assistant
444 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S09-Q01 | G-S09-P1
Circle ONE correct answer.
Which distinction underlies the proposed division of work?
A. Transport makes all human decisions unnecessary.
B. Every reserved book is damaged.
C. Transport is different from deciding how a returned book should be treated.
D. A proposed robot is already the library director.
KEY: ["C"]
Evidence G-S09-P1: Moving an object and deciding what should happen to it are different tasks.
A: The proposal retains decisions with staff. [subtype 7]
B: Reservation and damage are separate conditions. [subtype None]
D: No such role is assigned. [subtype None]

G-S09-Q02 | G-S09-P1
Give ONE answer.
Give ONE decision that would remain with staff.
KEY: ["Deciding what to do with a damaged book."]
Evidence G-S09-P1: decisions about damaged or reserved books with staff
Evidence G-S09-P1: damaged or reserved books
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["Deciding what to do with a damaged book."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Accept damaged-book handling or reserved-book handling; reject routine transport.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true, "acceptable_meaning_groups": [["Deciding how to handle damaged books."], ["Deciding how to handle reserved books."]], "select_any_distinct_groups": 1, "required_meanings_are_sample_key": true}
Accepted variants: ["Deciding how to deal with a reserved book."]

G-S09-Q03 | G-S09-P2
Give ONE answer.
Why was a waiting area added?
KEY: ["To keep a cart from obstructing activities near occupied shelves."]
Evidence G-S09-P2: The cart blocks their movement
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["To keep a cart from obstructing activities near occupied shelves."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject because the robot cannot carry books.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["So the robot can wait away from a busy destination."]
Anticipated error (not observed): The waiting area caused the original obstruction. — The obstruction prompted the added area.

G-S09-Q04 | G-S09-P2
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why does the director reject independent judgment?
A. It can never complete any useful task.
B. The machine follows a response to one detectable condition.
C. Staff no longer decide whether to interrupt activities.
D. Limited adaptation means complete understanding.
KEY: ["B"]
Evidence G-S09-P2: a clear response to one condition the designers can detect
A: She calls the adaptation useful. [subtype 7]
C: Those decisions remain with staff. [subtype None]
D: Complete understanding strengthens a narrow capability. [subtype 8]

G-S09-Q05 | G-S09-P3
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph III.
Which TWO quantities would the director compare during the trial?
A. Walking time avoided.
B. The number of independent social judgments by the robot.
C. Time spent handling interruptions.
D. The distance between the waiting area and the children.
E. The total value of damaged books.
F. The number of staff already dismissed.
KEY: ["A", "C"]
Evidence G-S09-P3: both the walking time avoided and the time spent resolving interruptions
B: Independent judgment is not claimed. [subtype None]
D: Not one of the proposed time quantities. [subtype None]
E: That measurement is not proposed. [subtype None]
F: No staff reduction is proposed. [subtype None]

G-S09-Q06 | G-S09-P3
Complete the sentence.
For transport savings to improve book recommendations, the library must _____.
KEY: ["assign the time saved to recommending books"]
Evidence G-S09-P3: freed time must actually be allocated to that work
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["assign the time saved to recommending books"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject an automatic improvement without allocation.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["plan to use freed staff time for recommendations"]
Anticipated error (not observed): automatically dismiss employees — Grammatically fits but contradicts the retained staffing plan.

G-S09-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
What is the central point of the article?
A. A robot's usefulness depends on task boundaries and the organization of human work around it.
B. The fastest cart journey always gives the greatest saving.
C. Robots should replace all library employees.
D. Libraries should focus only on recommending books.
KEY: ["A"]
Evidence G-S09-P1: how well those tasks fit together
Evidence G-S09-P2: limited adaptation useful
Evidence G-S09-P3: remaining responsibilities should be organized
B: Delays elsewhere can cancel savings. [subtype 7]
C: The proposal explicitly keeps staff roles. [subtype 7]
D: Recommendations are one potential use of time. [subtype 11]

G-S10 — A Town's Dark-Sky Plan
440 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S10-Q01 | G-S10-P1
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph I.
Which TWO aims or methods belong to the proposed plan?
A. Moving the bus stop immediately.
B. Guaranteeing that no resident objects.
C. Removing all walking-route lights.
D. Reducing brightness late at night in low-activity areas.
E. Directing streetlights toward the ground.
F. Increasing every light until sunrise.
KEY: ["D", "E"]
Evidence G-S10-P1: direct streetlights downward and reduce their brightness late at night where activity is low
A: That later request has not been accepted. [subtype 13]
B: Disagreement remains. [subtype 7]
C: Useful ground lighting is retained. [subtype 7]
F: The plan is selective and reduces some lighting. [subtype None]

G-S10-Q02 | G-S10-P1
Circle ONE correct answer.
What distinction does the proposal make?
A. Limiting light means banning light.
B. Useful route lighting differs from light spreading beyond the route.
C. Visitors need no access to the hill.
D. Darkness always improves safety.
KEY: ["B"]
Evidence G-S10-P1: illuminating a route and illuminating everything around it
A: Limiting and banning change the scope. [subtype 8]
C: Access is not rejected. [subtype None]
D: No safety claim of this kind is made. [subtype 1]

G-S10-Q03 | G-S10-P2
Give ONE answer.
Why is the second street's brightness unchanged?
KEY: ["People use it when a late bus arrives."]
Evidence G-S10-P2: a late bus arrives there
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["People use it when a late bus arrives."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject the unchanged lights causing the bus schedule.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["The late bus creates a continuing lighting need."]

G-S10-Q04 | G-S10-P2
Circle ONE correct answer.
What would be most useful for adjusting lighting?
A. The statement that lighting is the subject of the plan.
B. The cafe owner requests brighter lights until her last customer leaves.
C. A recommendation to admire the beautiful stars.
D. Reports naming specific places with visibility difficulties.
KEY: ["D"]
Evidence G-S10-P2: identify particular places where reading a sign or recognizing an obstacle becomes difficult
A: That repeats the topic instead of supplying useful details. [subtype 3]
B: This request is in paragraph III, outside the target paragraph II. [subtype 12]
C: Emotional appreciation does not identify a lighting difficulty. [subtype 5]

G-S10-Q05 | G-S10-P3
Give ONE answer.
How does the planner respond to the cafe owner?
KEY: ["She proposes lighting the entrance while limiting light beyond it."]
Evidence G-S10-P3: keeping the cafe entrance lit while reducing light directed beyond it
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["She proposes lighting the entrance while limiting light beyond it."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a guaranteed outcome: the proposal is subject to testing.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["Retain entrance lighting and test reduced spill beyond it."]

G-S10-Q06 | G-S10-P4
Complete the sentence.
Before retaining changes, the town will _____.
KEY: ["compare sky observations with reports from street users"]
Evidence G-S10-P4: compare observations from the hill with reports from people using the streets
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["compare sky observations with reports from street users"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a final plan already adopted.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["consider both hill observations and street-use reports"]
Anticipated error (not observed): declare that all changes have worked — The decision is still pending comparison.

G-S10-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
Which statement best expresses the main idea?
A. The cafe owner has proved every change is harmful.
B. Observing stars is the town's only legitimate activity.
C. Lighting decisions require balancing different uses with evidence from the places affected.
D. The darkest town must always be the most successful.
KEY: ["C"]
Evidence G-S10-P1: different locations serve different purposes
Evidence G-S10-P2: different kinds of evidence
Evidence G-S10-P4: a workable balance among uses
A: She raises one concern; proof about every change is absent. [subtype 2]
B: Bus and street use are also considered. [subtype 6]
D: Success is a workable balance. [subtype 7]

G-S11 — A Refillable Package Standard
439 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S11-Q01 | G-S11-P1
Give ONE answer.
What would a shared jar format enable customers to do?
KEY: ["return jars to any shop in the shared system"]
Evidence G-S11-P1: return a jar to any participating shop
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["return jars to any shop in the shared system"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject any shop worldwide or identical food.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["bring an empty jar to a different participating business"]

G-S11-Q02 | G-S11-P1
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why does the organizer emphasize coordination?
A. A common format makes joint collection and washing possible.
B. The proposal makes jars beautiful symbols of unity.
C. All businesses would become one company.
D. Identical jars guarantee identical food quality.
KEY: ["A"]
Evidence G-S11-P1: collecting and washing empty jars could be organized together
B: Attractive wording is not the operational reason. [subtype 5]
C: The shops remain separate. [subtype None]
D: Contents are not standardized. [subtype 2]

G-S11-Q03 | G-S11-P2
Circle ONE correct answer.
What might hesitation indicate?
A. Concern about transition costs or too little participation.
B. The shared service has already removed all costs.
C. Hesitation proves hostility to any reuse.
D. Every shop faces exactly the same transition costs.
KEY: ["A"]
Evidence G-S11-P2: Their objection may concern the transition or the risk
B: Savings are potential and conditional. [subtype 13]
C: May concern a risk does not mean certain opposition. [subtype 8]
D: Costs are uneven. [subtype 7]

G-S11-Q04 | G-S11-P2
Give ONE answer.
Why might one shop wait for others to commit?
KEY: ["The benefits may require enough participants to make the shared service viable."]
Evidence G-S11-P2: potential saving would depend on enough shops joining
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["The benefits may require enough participants to make the shared service viable."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject joining because all costs have already disappeared.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["It may fear paying for a system with too few users."]

G-S11-Q05 | G-S11-P3
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph III.
Which TWO provisions are in the draft agreement?
A. Businesses may put their names on removable labels.
B. A withdrawing shop must accept returns forever.
C. The initial group has a fixed starting date.
D. Every sale must result in a second use.
E. Businesses must stop using their own names.
F. A withdrawing shop must temporarily continue accepting returns.
KEY: ["A", "F"]
Evidence G-S11-P3: departing members to accept returns for a limited period
Evidence G-S11-P3: the shared jar may carry removable labels
B: The period is limited. [subtype 6]
C: The starting date is in a different paragraph. [subtype 12]
D: Sales do not prove repeated reuse. [subtype 7]
E: Removable labels preserve identity. [subtype None]

G-S11-Q06 | G-S11-P4
Give ONE answer.
Why is a sale in a refillable jar insufficient evidence of success?
KEY: ["The jar may be sold without ever being returned and reused."]
Evidence G-S11-P4: not count every sale in a refillable jar as proof of repeated reuse
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["The jar may be sold without ever being returned and reused."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a claim that no jars can be reused.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["Technical reusability does not establish actual reuse."]

G-S11-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
Which is the best title for the whole article?
A. Why Every Shop Must Sell the Same Food
B. How to Wash One Jar at Home
C. Beyond the Jar: Organizing a Shared Refill System
D. The Shape That Guarantees Zero Waste
KEY: ["C"]
Evidence G-S11-P1: The attraction lies in coordination
Evidence G-S11-P2: enough shops joining
Evidence G-S11-P4: agreements and habits
A: Food is not standardized. [subtype None]
B: The text concerns a shared system, not a washing procedure. [subtype 10]
D: No guarantee or zero-waste result is claimed. [subtype 7]

G-S12 — Rating a Volunteer Service
423 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S12-Q01 | G-S12-P1
Circle ONE correct answer.
What does a long queue establish by itself?
A. The center is definitely the best in town.
B. That several different explanations remain possible.
C. Every visitor enjoyed the service.
D. The volunteers decide all public applications.
KEY: ["B"]
Evidence G-S12-P1: popular, that it is slow, or that people have few alternatives
A: A queue alone does not establish quality. [subtype 2]
C: Length does not establish enjoyment. [subtype 7]
D: Their role is guidance. [subtype None]

G-S12-Q02 | G-S12-P1
Give ONE answer.
What would the additional survey question assess?
KEY: ["Whether a visitor understands a usable next step."]
Evidence G-S12-P1: whether the visitor understands the next action required
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["Whether a visitor understands a usable next step."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject enjoyment alone or final application success.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["Whether visitors know what action to take next."]
Anticipated error (not observed): How friendly the volunteers seemed. — That repeats the old focus rather than the additional question.

G-S12-Q03 | G-S12-P2
Give ONE answer.
What do Lina and Omar have in common despite their different concerns?
KEY: ["They both want to help visitors."]
Evidence G-S12-P2: Both want to be helpful
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["They both want to help visitors."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject identical opinions about the survey.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["Both value helping people."]

G-S12-Q04 | G-S12-P2
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph II.
Which TWO purposes are assigned to the proposed summaries?
A. Ranking volunteers by kindness.
B. Identifying gaps in information.
C. Identifying difficulties in referring visitors.
D. Replacing every account with a single number.
E. Proving that applications have been approved.
F. Storing visitors' names.
KEY: ["B", "C"]
Evidence G-S12-P2: where information is missing or where a referral is difficult
A: The summaries explicitly do not do this. [subtype None]
D: The manager rejects replacement. [subtype 7]
E: The center does not decide them. [subtype 2]
F: The summaries exclude names. [subtype None]

G-S12-Q05 | G-S12-P3
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why should lower ratings be interpreted cautiously?
A. The center caused every application to fail.
B. A lower score always means worse service.
C. The manager stopped allowing anonymous responses.
D. The new survey measures something different.
KEY: ["D"]
Evidence G-S12-P3: old and new ratings are not directly comparable
A: No final application outcomes are established. [subtype 7]
B: Changed questions prevent that automatic conclusion. [subtype 7]
C: Anonymous responses are retained. [subtype None]

G-S12-Q06 | G-S12-P4
Complete the sentence.
Before extending the survey, the team will check _____.
KEY: ["whether visitors understand the question and can answer without revealing private information"]
Evidence G-S12-P4: understand the new question and can answer it without disclosing private information
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["whether visitors understand the question and can answer without revealing private information"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Require both clarity and privacy; reject a check already completed.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["the question's clarity and whether answering protects privacy"]
Anticipated error (not observed): whether every application was accepted — This is outside the center's role and is not the planned check.

G-S12-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
What is the writer's main purpose?
A. To show how evaluating a service requires measures that match its role and limitations.
B. To describe one visitor's application.
C. To identify the friendliest volunteer.
D. To prove that popularity always measures usefulness.
KEY: ["A"]
Evidence G-S12-P1: a usable next step
Evidence G-S12-P2: a single number
Evidence G-S12-P4: contribution and its limits
B: The discussion is about evaluating the service. [subtype 11]
C: The text rejects that ranking. [subtype 10]
D: The opening gives alternative explanations. [subtype 7]

G-S13 — A Virtual Field Trip
437 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S13-Q01 | G-S13-P1
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph I.
Which TWO features of the model are described?
A. Representing all aspects of being there.
B. Removing every obstacle from the actual valley.
C. Feeling changing weather directly.
D. Comparing images from different seasons.
E. Returning repeatedly to a viewpoint.
F. Recording the visiting group's wet path.
KEY: ["D", "E"]
Evidence G-S13-P1: compare seasonal images, and revisit a viewpoint as often as they wish
A: The model selects aspects. [subtype 7]
B: A model does not change the valley. [subtype None]
C: That belongs to a field visit. [subtype None]
F: The later shared record is in a later paragraph. [subtype 12]

G-S13-Q02 | G-S13-P1
Give ONE answer.
Why is the model not a full substitute for visiting?
KEY: ["It omits aspects of direct experience such as weather, sound or movement over the ground."]
Evidence G-S13-P1: selects some aspects of the place and leaves others out
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["It omits aspects of direct experience such as weather, sound or movement over the ground."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Accept an explained omission; reject it has no educational value.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["It cannot provide every part of being in the valley."]

G-S13-Q03 | G-S13-P2
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why does the teacher ask how a conclusion was reached?
A. To suggest a cheaper school bus.
B. To make the relationship between evidence and judgment visible.
C. To praise the brave travelers.
D. To ensure everyone picks the identical route.
KEY: ["B"]
Evidence G-S13-P2: how available evidence shapes a judgment
A: This is a different task. [subtype 10]
C: Emotional praise is unrelated to the evidence goal. [subtype 5]
D: Identical answers are not required. [subtype None]

G-S13-Q04 | G-S13-P2
Give ONE answer.
How may the visiting group's evidence differ from the model group's?
KEY: ["They may notice physical obstacles that the images do not clearly show."]
Evidence G-S13-P2: notice obstacles that are hard to recognize in the images
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["They may notice physical obstacles that the images do not clearly show."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a claim that the visiting group can compare every season directly.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["Being there can reveal obstacles difficult to identify on screen."]

G-S13-Q05 | G-S13-P3
Circle ONE correct answer.
What does the word 'these' refer to in the teacher's warning?
A. All possible seasons in the valley.
B. The model's viewpoint controls.
C. Observations contributed by the field group.
D. The next lesson's questions.
KEY: ["C"]
Evidence G-S13-P3: these also describe only one day
A: These refers to the visit observations. [subtype 9]
B: The warning concerns direct observations. [subtype 9]
D: Those questions are introduced later. [subtype 9]

G-S13-Q06 | G-S13-P3
Complete the sentence.
A wet path during the trip does not establish _____.
KEY: ["that the path is wet throughout the year"]
Evidence G-S13-P3: remain wet all year
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["that the path is wet throughout the year"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject no path exists or the trip never happened.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["that the same condition occurs in every season"]
Anticipated error (not observed): that all students dislike walking — A plausible attitude is not the temporal limit discussed.

G-S13-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
Which statement best summarizes the whole article?
A. The longest journey necessarily produces the best lesson.
B. Virtual trips should always replace physical trips.
C. A digital image is a complete account of a landscape.
D. Different learning experiences can be useful when their evidence and limits are matched to the question.
KEY: ["D"]
Evidence G-S13-P1: provided students understand
Evidence G-S13-P2: available evidence
Evidence G-S13-P3: more suitable for a particular question
A: Distance alone is rejected as a measure. [subtype 2]
B: Both experiences are valued. [subtype 7]
C: Selection and omissions are central. [subtype 7]

G-S14 — A Temporary Street Closure
436 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S14-Q01 | G-S14-P1
Circle ONE correct answer.
What is the status of the street closure?
A. It has already ended all deliveries.
B. It occurs every day of the year.
C. It is a limited trial, with no permanent ban yet proposed.
D. It is a permanent rule already adopted.
KEY: ["C"]
Evidence G-S14-P1: does not yet propose a permanent ban
A: Agreed delivery times are part of the trial. [subtype None]
B: Four Saturday afternoons are specified. [subtype 7]
D: The text states the opposite. [subtype 13]

G-S14-Q02 | G-S14-P1
Give ONE answer.
Why might comparing sales alone be insufficient?
KEY: ["Factors other than the closure may influence sales."]
Evidence G-S14-P1: a difference in sales could have several causes
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["Factors other than the closure may influence sales."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Accept one external factor linked to sales; reject treating sequence as proof of causation.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["Weather, events or changing customers may also affect sales."]

G-S14-Q03 | G-S14-P2
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph II.
Which TWO conditions may explain the businesses' different results?
A. The festival may have increased cafe demand.
B. All deliveries were legally prohibited for a year.
C. The furniture report caused the original closure.
D. Furniture customers lacked advance collection information.
E. The closure proves every shop will gain.
F. Some delivery workers think the collection period is too short.
KEY: ["A", "D"]
Evidence G-S14-P2: festival may have brought extra cafe customers
Evidence G-S14-P2: had not received advance notice of the changed collection arrangements
B: No such ban is stated. [subtype None]
C: The report follows the closure. [subtype 4]
E: One report is not proof about all shops. [subtype 7]
F: The workers' concern appears in paragraph III, outside the target paragraph II. [subtype 12]

G-S14-Q04 | G-S14-P2
Give ONE answer.
Why were clearer notices added for later Saturdays?
KEY: ["To make customers aware of changed collection arrangements beforehand."]
Evidence G-S14-P2: had not received advance notice of the changed collection arrangements
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["To make customers aware of changed collection arrangements beforehand."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject an assertion that notices alone eliminate every day-to-day difference.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["To prevent confusion about how to collect furniture."]

G-S14-Q05 | G-S14-P3
Give ONE answer.
What would the proposed next trial change? Give ONE answer.
KEY: ["It would allow a longer morning delivery period."]
Evidence G-S14-P3: a longer morning period and test afternoons without a festival
Evidence G-S14-P3: test afternoons without a festival
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["It would allow a longer morning delivery period."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Accept either distinct proposal; reject a permanent closure already approved.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true, "acceptable_meaning_groups": [["Allow a longer morning delivery period."], ["Test afternoons without a festival."]], "select_any_distinct_groups": 1, "required_meanings_are_sample_key": true}
Accepted variants: ["It would test afternoons without a festival."]

G-S14-Q06 | G-S14-P4
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why do some residents welcome further caution?
A. A permanent change would affect users beyond event visitors.
B. They assume no pedestrian enjoyed the space.
C. They believe every trial must last forever.
D. They want to explain how the cafe cooks food.
KEY: ["A"]
Evidence G-S14-P4: affect people who rarely attend public events
B: Enjoyment is reported. [subtype None]
C: Further testing is not an endless requirement. [subtype 7]
D: This answers an unrelated task. [subtype 10]

G-S14-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
Which title best fits the whole article?
A. A Festival That Proved Every Business Successful
B. Why Sales Never Provide Useful Information
C. How to Collect a New Sofa
D. Closing a Street: Interpreting Results before Deciding
KEY: ["D"]
Evidence G-S14-P1: several causes
Evidence G-S14-P2: conditions under which each result occurs
Evidence G-S14-P4: for whom, under what arrangements
A: The text rejects universal conclusions. [subtype 7]
B: Reports are accepted with limits. [subtype 7]
C: Collection is one issue within the broader trial. [subtype 11]

G-S15 — Keeping Old Software Running
434 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S15-Q01 | G-S15-P1
Give ONE answer.
Why might faster searching become less reliable?
KEY: ["If notes explaining uncertain dates are lost, the results may imply greater certainty than warranted."]
Evidence G-S15-P1: If those notes disappear
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["If notes explaining uncertain dates are lost, the results may imply greater certainty than warranted."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject faster searching itself proving dates false.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["Losing uncertainty notes changes the meaning of dates."]

G-S15-Q02 | G-S15-P1
Circle ONE correct answer.
What does the director distinguish from speed and appearance?
A. Inventing new historical dates.
B. Preserving the meaning of archived information.
C. Selecting the prettiest screen.
D. The general topic of computer programs.
KEY: ["B"]
Evidence G-S15-P1: preservation of information as a separate goal
A: The aim is to preserve, not invent. [subtype None]
C: Appearance is distinguished from preservation. [subtype 5]
D: This gives no separate goal. [subtype 3]

G-S15-Q03 | G-S15-P2
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why may keeping the old program indefinitely be risky?
A. Every current record is unreadable.
B. Familiarity guarantees permanent support.
C. Future technical support may be difficult to obtain.
D. The new program has already replaced it completely.
KEY: ["C"]
Evidence G-S15-P2: fewer technicians now know how to repair it
A: The old program displays records correctly. [subtype 7]
B: Present familiarity does not ensure future support. [subtype 2]
D: The old system remains during testing. [subtype 13]

G-S15-Q04 | G-S15-P2
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph II.
Which TWO steps are included in the staged test?
A. Stop describing new material permanently.
B. Compare converted entries with originals.
C. Record changes in meaning.
D. Add the uncertainty marker already found necessary.
E. Convert the whole archive immediately.
F. Discard the old program before testing.
KEY: ["B", "C"]
Evidence G-S15-P2: compare each converted entry with its original, and record any changes in meaning
A: A time cost is not a permanent stop. [subtype 7]
D: That later response is in a later paragraph. [subtype 12]
E: The first transfer is small. [subtype 6]
F: It remains available. [subtype 13]

G-S15-Q05 | G-S15-P3
Give ONE answer.
Why was an uncertainty marker added?
KEY: ["To prevent uncertain dates from appearing to be confirmed."]
Evidence G-S15-P3: a field normally used for confirmed dates
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["To prevent uncertain dates from appearing to be confirmed."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject restoring a vanished date: nothing vanished.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["To preserve the dates' uncertain status in the new display."]

G-S15-Q06 | G-S15-P3
Give ONE answer.
Why does success with the sample not establish success with every collection?
KEY: ["Other collections may contain different features that have not been tested."]
Evidence G-S15-P3: features not present in the first sample
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["Other collections may contain different features that have not been tested."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject the sample proving the whole conversion has failed.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["The sample may not include all kinds of records."]
Anticipated error (not observed): Every remaining record is identical to the sample. — The possibility of different features is explicit.

G-S15-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
Which summary best fits the whole article?
A. Changing software requires preserving information's meaning as well as improving access.
B. Old software must always be kept unchanged.
C. A date field is the only concern in software maintenance.
D. Newer tools guarantee accurate archives.
KEY: ["A"]
Evidence G-S15-P1: without losing their meaning
Evidence G-S15-P2: staged test
Evidence G-S15-P3: usable and interpretable
B: Age alone is not the criterion. [subtype 7]
C: It is an example within a wider continuity problem. [subtype 11]
D: Conversion may change meaning. [subtype 7]

G-S16 — A Citizen Weather Network
435 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S16-Q01 | G-S16-P1
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph I.
Which TWO things affect how a volunteer measurement should be interpreted?
A. Whether every forecast should be replaced.
B. Whether the home has a beautiful garden.
C. Whether empty map spaces display zero.
D. Whether next Saturday is guaranteed dry.
E. Where the gauge is located.
F. How the measurement was collected.
KEY: ["E", "F"]
Evidence G-S16-P1: its location and collection method are understood
A: Replacement is not the goal. [subtype 7]
B: Aesthetic appeal is irrelevant to interpretation. [subtype 5]
C: This is addressed in a different paragraph. [subtype 12]
D: Future prediction is not offered. [subtype None]

G-S16-Q02 | G-S16-P1
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why could more reports still create misleading comparisons?
A. The number of reports directly causes rain.
B. The official station has already closed.
C. Every volunteer deliberately makes false reports.
D. Measurements may be taken under different conditions or methods.
KEY: ["D"]
Evidence G-S16-P1: without basic checks
A: Reports describe rain; they do not cause it. [subtype 4]
B: No closure is stated. [subtype None]
C: No deceit is alleged. [subtype 7]

G-S16-Q03 | G-S16-P2
Give ONE answer.
Why does a blank area not establish little rainfall?
KEY: ["It may reflect few observations rather than little rain."]
Evidence G-S16-P2: sparse reporting does not support that conclusion
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["It may reflect few observations rather than little rain."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject zero rainfall or proof of drought.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["Rainfall there is unknown because reporting is sparse."]

G-S16-Q04 | G-S16-P2
Complete the sentence.
For two totals to be compared directly, the reader needs to know _____.
KEY: ["the periods over which the rain was collected"]
Evidence G-S16-P2: the period covered by a measurement
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["the periods over which the rain was collected"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject only the color of the gauges.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["whether they cover comparable lengths of time"]
Anticipated error (not observed): how much rain will fall tomorrow — The task concerns past collecting periods, not future weather.

G-S16-Q05 | G-S16-P3
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why does the coordinator prefer visible gaps?
A. A complete-looking map must be an accurate map.
B. They distinguish missing evidence from assumed values.
C. The gaps identify places where rain never falls.
D. Incomplete means entirely useless.
KEY: ["B"]
Evidence G-S16-P3: an honest incomplete map is more informative than a smooth one built on assumptions
A: Appearance does not establish completeness of evidence. [subtype 2]
C: A gap marks missing observations. [subtype 7]
D: The map can still inform appropriate discussions. [subtype 8]

G-S16-Q06 | G-S16-P3
Complete the sentence.
The coordinator cannot guarantee dry weather next Saturday because _____.
KEY: ["recent observations do not establish the weather on a future day"]
Evidence G-S16-P3: descriptions of recent rainfall are not predictions of a future afternoon
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["recent observations do not establish the weather on a future day"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject promising dry weather based on missing values.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["a record of past rain is not a forecast for next Saturday"]
Anticipated error (not observed): the map looks incomplete — This is grammatical but does not explain the observation-versus-prediction distinction.

G-S16-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
What is the main purpose of the article?
A. To recommend a particular rain gauge for purchase.
B. To explain why community weather information must make its coverage and limits clear.
C. To show that only central neighborhoods receive rain.
D. To guarantee future weather from volunteer reports.
KEY: ["B"]
Evidence G-S16-P1: basic checks
Evidence G-S16-P2: shown as missing
Evidence G-S16-P3: an observation, a missing observation, and a forecast
A: The text is not a product recommendation. [subtype 10]
C: Coverage does not establish that distribution. [subtype 2]
D: The coordinator refuses that guarantee. [subtype 7]

G-S17 — Renting an Urban Roof Garden
433 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S17-Q01 | G-S17-P1
Circle ONE correct answer.
What is the owner's main point?
A. Benefits do not establish the practical responsibilities of an agreement.
B. The roof has already produced a profitable harvest.
C. A garden would be a wonderful green paradise.
D. Gardening should be forbidden in every building.
KEY: ["A"]
Evidence G-S17-P1: does not by itself define an agreement
B: No harvest has occurred. [subtype 13]
C: Emotional imagery does not address responsibilities. [subtype 5]
D: He agrees to discuss this proposal. [subtype 7]

G-S17-Q02 | G-S17-P1
Give ONE answer.
Why must responsibilities be settled before plants arrive?
KEY: ["So the parties know who will deal with effects on the roof."]
Evidence G-S17-P1: who must respond if the garden affects the roof beneath it
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["So the parties know who will deal with effects on the roof."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject knowing only which vegetables look attractive.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["To establish accountability if the garden creates a building problem."]

G-S17-Q03 | G-S17-P2
Give ONE answer.
What would the owner maintain, and what would the group maintain?
KEY: ["The owner would maintain the structure; the group would maintain garden containers and paths."]
Evidence G-S17-P2: The owner would maintain the roof structure; the gardening group would look after containers and paths
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["The owner would maintain the structure; the group would maintain garden containers and paths."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Require both sides of the division; do not reverse them.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["Building structure belongs to the owner's responsibility, garden containers and paths to the group's."]

G-S17-Q04 | G-S17-P2
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why does renting not mean unrestricted control?
A. Permission for a defined use means ownership of the entire building.
B. Rent guarantees that no roof repairs are needed.
C. The agreement permits specified activities within boundaries.
D. The group may prevent all repair workers entering.
KEY: ["C"]
Evidence G-S17-P2: a defined use, not unrestricted control over the building
A: Permission and ownership differ in meaning and scope. [subtype 8]
B: Repair access is specifically considered. [subtype 2]
D: Workers must be able to reach the structure. [subtype 7]

G-S17-Q05 | G-S17-P3
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph III.
Which TWO claims accurately describe the financial discussion?
A. A large garden guarantees financial independence.
B. The group must provide work even after a poor harvest.
C. Sales are not established as covering the whole rent.
D. The owner must maintain every container.
E. Both proposals require no labor.
F. Members have already earned a profit.
KEY: ["B", "C"]
Evidence G-S17-P3: no evidence that sales would pay the entire rent
Evidence G-S17-P3: Both proposals would require work
A: Self-support is a possibility, not a guarantee. [subtype 7]
D: Paragraph II assigns garden containers to the group, not the owner. This is a reversed responsibility, not a true detail borrowed from another location. [subtype None]
E: Both require work. [subtype None]
F: No profit has occurred. [subtype 13]

G-S17-Q06 | G-S17-P4
Complete the sentence.
Before promising income to the owner, the coordinator wants members to _____.
KEY: ["agree on a minimum contribution"]
Evidence G-S17-P4: agree on a minimum contribution before promising any income
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["agree on a minimum contribution"], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject selling a harvest already produced.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["settle what they will contribute at minimum"]
Anticipated error (not observed): promise income before setting a contribution — The stated order is reversed.

G-S17-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
Which title best fits the whole article?
A. The Harvest That Paid Every Expense
B. Why All Rooftops Should Remain Empty
C. How to Grow One Perfect Vegetable
D. A Roof Garden Needs More Than Growing Space
KEY: ["D"]
Evidence G-S17-P1: important responsibilities
Evidence G-S17-P2: practical boundaries
Evidence G-S17-P4: financial risk
A: No harvest has yet occurred. [subtype 13]
B: The proposal is debated, not universally rejected. [subtype 7]
C: It is a governance and planning account. [subtype 10]

G-S18 — A Festival's Quiet Hour
450 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S18-Q01 | G-S18-P1
Give ONE answer.
What is the purpose of the proposed quiet hour?
KEY: ["To add an access option for people who find the usual conditions difficult."]
Evidence G-S18-P1: offer another way to experience the event
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["To add an access option for people who find the usual conditions difficult."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject requiring every visitor to prefer quiet.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["To offer a less noisy and crowded way to attend."]

G-S18-Q02 | G-S18-P1
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why is it called one access option?
A. An option means a guaranteed solution for all.
B. All visitors dislike music and crowds.
C. It may help some visitors but cannot address every barrier.
D. A smaller crowd causes every person to attend early.
KEY: ["C"]
Evidence G-S18-P1: one access option, not an answer for everyone
A: Option is limited; universal solution changes its scope. [subtype 8]
B: Some find them attractive. [subtype 7]
D: Convenience is not guaranteed. [subtype 2]

G-S18-Q03 | G-S18-P2
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph II.
Which TWO details describe the planned early hour?
A. All stage performances would move into the early hour.
B. Its value has already been measured by attendance.
C. The artist's sound performance would become silent.
D. Visitors would receive advance information about available activities.
E. Every participant prefers written directions.
F. Stalls and visual exhibits would be available.
KEY: ["D", "F"]
Evidence G-S18-P2: stalls and visual exhibits
Evidence G-S18-P2: told in advance which activities are available
A: The stage schedule remains usual. [subtype 7]
B: Measurement is proposed later, not already complete. [subtype 13]
C: The proposed separation avoids that claim. [subtype None]
E: Participants have different needs. [subtype 7]

G-S18-Q04 | G-S18-P2
Give ONE answer.
Why do organizers separate the stage program from other activities?
KEY: ["So they can reduce noise in some activities while retaining sound-based performances."]
Evidence G-S18-P2: without claiming that every artwork can be adapted in the same way
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["So they can reduce noise in some activities while retaining sound-based performances."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject replacing every performance with a visual exhibit.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["To offer quieter access without requiring every artwork to lose its sound."]

G-S18-Q05 | G-S18-P3
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why might a high attendance count be insufficient?
A. The number of stalls is the whole article's theme.
B. The feedback creates the original access difficulties.
C. More visitors always prove every barrier has disappeared.
D. It may include people attending for reasons unrelated to the intended access need.
KEY: ["D"]
Evidence G-S18-P3: people who simply prefer shorter queues
A: This is neither the measurement question nor the theme. [subtype 10]
B: Feedback assesses difficulties; it does not cause them. [subtype 4]
C: Attendance does not identify the need met. [subtype 7]

G-S18-Q06 | G-S18-P3
Give ONE answer.
What feedback would help establish that the option met an access need?
KEY: ["Whether visitors participated in activities they otherwise would have missed."]
Evidence G-S18-P3: activities they would otherwise have missed
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["Whether visitors participated in activities they otherwise would have missed."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject general popularity alone or identification of visitors.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["Whether the early hour enabled previously difficult participation."]

G-S18-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
Which statement best summarizes the whole article?
A. Every successful festival must be completely silent.
B. A limited quiet period may expand access when its activities and remaining limits are clearly explained.
C. The article is mainly a timetable for stage artists.
D. Shorter queues prove all access needs are met.
KEY: ["B"]
Evidence G-S18-P1: another way
Evidence G-S18-P2: Clear expectations
Evidence G-S18-P3: expand choices
A: The plan retains sound-based performances. [subtype 7]
C: Scheduling is one element of access design. [subtype 11]
D: They are an alternative attendance motive. [subtype 2]

G-S19 — The Right to Remove an Old Photo
439 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S19-Q01 | G-S19-P1
Circle ONE correct answer.
What has changed in the contributor's situation?
A. Her willingness to have the photograph publicly displayed.
B. The curator has destroyed every copy.
C. The image now shows a different scene.
D. She never agreed to its inclusion.
KEY: ["A"]
Evidence G-S19-P1: originally welcomed its inclusion, but now feels uncomfortable
B: Destruction is not reported. [subtype None]
C: The meaning for her changed, not the scene. [subtype None]
D: The original agreement was genuine. [subtype 13]

G-S19-Q02 | G-S19-P1
Give ONE answer.
Why could refusing every removal request harm the project?
KEY: ["People might lose trust and become unwilling to contribute."]
Evidence G-S19-P1: may discourage future contributions
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["People might lose trust and become unwilling to contribute."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject a guarantee that all contributors will withdraw.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["It could discourage future donations."]

G-S19-Q03 | G-S19-P2
Give ONE answer.
What does the proposed replacement note preserve?
KEY: ["A record that an image once appeared and was withdrawn."]
Evidence G-S19-P2: an account of the exhibition's development
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["A record that an image once appeared and was withdrawn."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject the scene's full visual evidence or private reasons.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["Part of the history of the exhibition's changes."]

G-S19-Q04 | G-S19-P2
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why does the curator acknowledge a loss?
A. The volunteer's objection has no historical basis.
B. The note cannot give the same visual evidence as the photograph.
C. Equivalent means more detailed than the original.
D. The note must disclose every personal reason.
KEY: ["B"]
Evidence G-S19-P2: instead of claiming the note provides equivalent evidence
A: A useful school-life scene would be lost. [subtype None]
C: Equivalent and greater detail are different claims. [subtype 8]
D: The proposal excludes those reasons. [subtype 7]

G-S19-Q05 | G-S19-P3
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph III.
Which TWO limits or responsibilities would be explained to new contributors?
A. That a nonpersonal record of withdrawal might remain.
B. That every downloaded copy can be erased.
C. That their photograph is less useful than a note.
D. That no request can affect its own website.
E. How removal requests would be handled.
F. That the old contributor was a teenager.
KEY: ["A", "E"]
Evidence G-S19-P3: how requests for removal are handled and what nonpersonal record might remain
B: That is beyond the project's control. [subtype 7]
C: The note is not equivalent visual evidence. [subtype None]
D: The project can stop displaying the image. [subtype None]
F: That fact appears in an earlier paragraph, not the new-donation explanation. [subtype 12]

G-S19-Q06 | G-S19-P4
Give ONE answer.
Why does the curator reject the claim that the limitation makes donations impossible?
KEY: ["The project can take useful action on its own site even though it cannot control every copy."]
Evidence G-S19-P4: stop displaying an image on its own website and be honest about copies elsewhere
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["The project can take useful action on its own site even though it cannot control every copy."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject claiming total internet control.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["Limited control still allows removal from its own exhibition."]
Anticipated error (not observed): There is no possible useful action. — The limitation does not eliminate action within the project's control.

G-S19-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
What is the main issue examined in the article?
A. How an archive can balance preservation with changing wishes and limited control over copies.
B. Whether the contributor was really a teenager.
C. Why historical images have no value.
D. How to erase every image from the internet.
KEY: ["A"]
Evidence G-S19-P1: both consequences
Evidence G-S19-P2: preserve continuity
Evidence G-S19-P4: continuing relationships with contributors
B: Her age is background, not the disputed issue. [subtype 11]
C: The loss of visual evidence is acknowledged. [subtype 7]
D: That control is explicitly unavailable. [subtype 10]

G-S20 — Publishing an Algorithm's Limitations
445 words; seven numbered questions; 8 answer units.
G-S20-Q01 | G-S20-P1
Select TWO correct answers from the SIX options. Base your answers on paragraph I.
Which TWO factors are included in the tool?
A. Installation cost.
B. How welcoming every site feels.
C. Estimated numbers of people passing.
D. The date of the next data update.
E. Plans for future major street works.
F. Ease of maintenance access during busy hours.
KEY: ["A", "C"]
Evidence G-S20-P1: estimated foot traffic, distance from existing fountains, and the cost of installation
B: The model does not measure this. [subtype None]
D: That display is requested in a later paragraph. [subtype 12]
E: Current data omit the later identified plan. [subtype None]
F: This is explicitly omitted. [subtype None]

G-S20-Q02 | G-S20-P1
Give ONE answer.
Why does publishing the calculation not settle the site decision?
KEY: ["The ranking omits relevant considerations outside its selected factors."]
Evidence G-S20-P1: compares only the factors entered into it
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["The ranking omits relevant considerations outside its selected factors."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject claiming the calculation includes every consideration.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["It evaluates only included factors, so other information remains relevant."]

G-S20-Q03 | G-S20-P2
Circle ONE correct answer.
What does the change in site order demonstrate?
A. A changed result necessarily proves the tool is broken.
B. The ranking determines which priorities people originally chose.
C. Technical words automatically produce complete understanding.
D. Different weights given to priorities can change the recommendation.
KEY: ["D"]
Evidence G-S20-P2: a recommendation depends on priorities chosen by people
A: A change in priorities can explain it. [subtype 2]
B: This reverses the direction. [subtype 4]
C: Ordinary-language examples are added. [subtype 7]

G-S20-Q04 | G-S20-P2
Give ONE answer.
Why might the resident prefer the cheaper site without rejecting the calculation?
KEY: ["She may give cost a different importance from the priorities used by the tool."]
Evidence G-S20-P2: she may disagree with those priorities
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["She may give cost a different importance from the priorities used by the tool."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject an assertion that the calculation is always wrong.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["She may agree with the calculation but choose different weights."]

G-S20-Q05 | G-S20-P3
Give ONE answer.
Why may the street-work plan weaken the site's ranking?
KEY: ["The data may describe current conditions that future works will change."]
Evidence G-S20-P3: conditions that will no longer apply
Rubric: {"required_meanings": ["The data may describe current conditions that future works will change."], "accept_equivalent_phrasing": true, "minor_language_errors_accepted_if_meaning_clear": true, "distinct_meanings_required": false, "reject": "Reject claiming the update was completed before the problem was found.", "review_uncertain_semantic_match": true}
Accepted variants: ["The recommendation omits a planned change to the street."]
Anticipated error (not observed): The old ranking already incorporated the future works. — The current data omit them.

G-S20-Q06 | G-S20-P4
Circle ONE correct answer.
Why does the manager favor displaying warnings?
A. They provide an inspiring guarantee of perfect decisions.
B. They explain only which sites are cheapest.
C. They help users place justified confidence in a limited recommendation.
D. They allow residents to ignore every result.
KEY: ["C"]
Evidence G-S20-P4: knowing where the recommendation is weak as well as where it is well supported
A: Emotional assurance and perfection lack support. [subtype 5]
B: Warnings address omitted conditions and reliability. [subtype 11]
D: Appropriate use, not total rejection, is intended. [subtype 7]

G-S20-Q07 | whole_text
Circle ONE correct answer.
Which statement best summarizes the article?
A. Publishing code guarantees agreement about public priorities.
B. The highest rank must determine the council's final choice.
C. Transparency becomes useful when people can understand a model's priorities, omissions and role in a decision.
D. The article provides instructions for installing water pipes.
KEY: ["C"]
Evidence G-S20-P1: first step toward scrutiny
Evidence G-S20-P2: priorities chosen by people
Evidence G-S20-P4: question its assumptions
A: Priorities remain debatable. [subtype 7]
B: The council considers information outside the model. [subtype 6]
D: It examines understanding of recommendations. [subtype 10]